Plasma applications are disclosed that operate with argon and other molecular gases at atmospheric pressure, and at low temperatures, and with high concentrations of reactive species. The plasma apparatus and the enclosure that contains the plasma apparatus and the substrate are substantially free of particles, so that the substrate does not become contaminated with particles during processing. The plasma is developed through capacitive discharge without streamers or micro-arcs. The techniques can be employed to remove organic materials from a substrate, thereby cleaning the substrate; to activate the surfaces of materials, thereby enhancing bonding between the material and a second material; to etch thin films of materials from a substrate; and to deposit thin films and coatings onto a substrate; all of which processes are carried out without contaminating the surface of the substrate with substantial numbers of particles.

Disclosed are semiconductor packages and their fabrication methods. The semiconductor package comprises a substrate that includes a plurality of vias, a first chip stack on the substrate and including a plurality of first semiconductor chips that are sequentially stacked on the substrate, and a plurality of first non-conductive layers between the substrate and the first chip stack and between neighboring first semiconductor chips. Each of the first non-conductive layers includes first extensions that protrude outwardly from first lateral surfaces of the first semiconductor chips. The more remote the first non-conductive layers are from the substrate, the first extensions protrude a shorter length from the first lateral surfaces of the first semiconductor chips.

An orientation chamber is provided. The orientation chamber includes a substrate holder, an orientation detector, and a purging system. The substrate holder is configured to hold a substrate. The orientation detector is configured to detect an orientation of the substrate. The purging system is configured to inject a cleaning gas into the orientation chamber and remove contaminants from the substrate. The purging system includes a gas regulator adjusting a volume of the cleaning gas supplied into the orientation chamber according to a detection signal output from a gas detector which indicates a content of a specific gas contaminant outgassed from the substrate.

A method for cleaning semiconductor substrate without damaging patterned structure on the substrate using ultra/mega sonic device comprising applying liquid into a space between a substrate and an ultra/mega sonic device; setting an ultra/mega sonic power supply at frequency f.sub.1 and power P.sub.1 to drive said ultra/mega sonic device; before bubble cavitation in said liquid damaging patterned structure on the substrate, setting said ultra/mega sonic power supply at frequency f.sub.2 and power P.sub.2 to drive said ultra/mega sonic device; after temperature inside bubble cooling down to a set temperature, setting said ultra/mega sonic power supply at frequency f.sub.1 and power P.sub.1 again; repeating above steps till the substrate being cleaned. Normally, if f.sub.1=f.sub.2, then P.sub.2 is equal to zero or much less than P.sub.1; if P.sub.1=P.sub.2, then f.sub.2 is higher than f.sub.1; if the f.sub.1<f.sub.2, then, P.sub.2 can be either equal or less than P.sub.1.

A method for smoothing a surface of a semiconductor portion is disclosed. In the method, an intentional oxide layer is formed on the surface of the semiconductor portion, a treated layer is formed in the semiconductor portion and inwardly of the intentional oxide layer, and then, the intentional oxide layer and the treated layer are removed to obtain a smoothed surface. The method may also be used for widening a recess in a manufacturing process for a semiconductor structure.

A wafer cleaning apparatus, a method of cleaning wafer and a method of fabricating a semiconductor device are provided. The method of fabricating the semiconductor device includes disposing a wafer on a rotatable chuck, irradiating a lower surface of the wafer with a laser to heat the wafer, and supplying a chemical to an upper surface of the wafer to clean the wafer, wherein the laser penetrates an optical system including an aspheric lens array, the laser penetrates a calibration window, which includes a first window structure including a first light projection window including first and second regions different from each other, a first coating layer covering the first region of the first light projection window, and a second coating layer covering the second region of the first light projection window, and the first coating layer and the second coating layer have different light transmissivities from each other.

The present invention provides a composition which is suppressed in decrease of the etching rate over time. A composition which contains; at least one of a quaternary alkyl ammonium fluoride and a hydrate of a quaternary alkyl ammonium fluoride; (A) an N-substituted amide compound that has no active hydrogen on a nitrogen atom and (B) a dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, which serve as aprotic solvents; and an antioxidant.

A substrate cleaning apparatus, includes a vaporizer configured to generate water vapor, a first heating part configured to heat a nitrogen gas to a first temperature, a second heating part configured to heat the nitrogen gas to a second temperature, wherein the second temperature is higher than the first temperature, and at least one cleaning chamber connected to the vaporizer, the first heating part, and the second heating part, wherein the at least one cleaning chamber is configured so that at least one substrate is exposed to the water vapor, the nitrogen gas having the first temperature, or the nitrogen gas having the second temperature under an atmospheric pressure.

A substrate processing apparatus includes: a processing container including a processing space capable of accommodating a substrate in a state where a surface of the substrate is wet by a liquid; a processing fluid supply that supplies a processing fluid in a supercritical state to the processing space toward the liquid; a first exhaust line connected to a first exhaust source; a second exhaust line connected to a second exhaust source and connected to the first exhaust line between the first exhaust source and the processing space; and a controller controlling the second exhaust pressure. The processing fluid in the supercritical state contacts the liquid to dry the substrate, and the controller makes the second exhaust pressure to be higher than the first exhaust pressure during a period in which the processing fluid supply stops supplying the processing fluid to the processing space.

A substrate processing apparatus 1 includes a controller 61 configured to perform a first recipe and a second recipe in parallel. Each of the first recipe and the second recipe includes a first transfer processing of transferring a substrate from a transit unit 14 to a liquid processing unit 17, a liquid processing, a second transfer processing of transferring the substrate from the liquid processing unit 17 to a drying unit 18 and a drying processing. The controller 61 determines, while the first recipe on a first substrate in substrates is being performed, when the second recipe on a second substrate in the substrates is started, a start timing of the first transfer processing of the second substrate such that a time period of the second transfer processing of the first substrate does not overlap with a time period of the second transfer processing of the second substrate.