Photovoltaic devices such as solar cells, hybrid solar cell-batteries, and other such devices may include an active layer disposed between two electrodes, the active layer having perovskite material and other material such as mesoporous material, interfacial layers, thin-coat interfacial layers, and combinations thereof. The perovskite material may be photoactive. The perovskite material may be disposed between two or more other materials in the photovoltaic device. Inclusion of these materials in various arrangements within an active layer of a photovoltaic device may improve device performance. Other materials may be included to further improve device performance, such as, for example: additional perovskites, and additional interfacial layers.

The present specification relates to a polymer including a first unit represented by Chemical Formula 1; a second unit represented by Chemical Formula 2; and a third unit represented by Chemical Formula 3 or 4, and an organic solar cell including the polymer in a photoactive layer.

A back panel of a solar cell and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. The back panel includes a polyolefin laminate structure and a protective layer disposed on the polyolefin laminate structure. The polyolefin laminate structure includes a reflective layer and a transparent layer disposed on the reflective layer. The transparent layer includes a continuous phase and a dispersed phase dispersed in the continuous phase. The continuous phase is formed from polyolefin. The dispersed phase is formed from a rubber elastomer. Based on the total weight of the transparent layer, an amount of the dispersed phase ranges from 10 wt % to 25 wt %.

A photodetector including graphene and poly(3-hexylthiopene) (P3HT) nanowires is claimed. A method of making the hybrid photodetector is also claimed.

The present invention relates to an application liquid for forming a semiconductor film, the application liquid comprising: an inorganic semiconductor particle; and a compound having a relative permittivity of 2 or more or a compound having reducing power against the inorganic semiconductor particle; a method for producing a semiconductor film comprising a step of applying the application liquid; a semiconductor film and a semiconductor element comprising the semiconductor film; and a method for producing the semiconductor element.

Photovoltaic devices such as solar cells, hybrid solar cell-batteries, and other such devices may include an active layer disposed between two electrodes, the active layer having perovskite material and other material such as mesoporous material, interfacial layers, thin-coat interfacial layers, and combinations thereof. The perovskite material may be photoactive. The perovskite material may be disposed between two or more other materials in the photovoltaic device. Inclusion of these materials in various arrangements within an active layer of a photovoltaic device may improve device performance. Other materials may be included to further improve device performance, such as, for example: additional perovskites, and additional interfacial layers.

The application relates to organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites of formula (I): [(A).sub.1-2,48p-b(B).sub.3,48p+b].sub.(1+2p-y)/(1+p)(Pb).sub.1-p-m(M).sub.m(X.sup.1).sub.3-y-q(X.sup.2).sub.q (I), and perovskite photovoltaic cells comprising same.

Forward and back electron transfer at molecule oxide interfaces are pivotal events in dye-sensitized solar cells, dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells and other applications. Disclosed herein are self-assembled multilayers as a strategy for manipulating electron transfer dynamics at these interfaces. The multilayer films are achieved by stepwise layering of bridging molecules, linking ions, and active molecule on an oxide surface. The formation of the proposed architecture is supported by ATR-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Time-resolved emission and transient absorption establishes that the films exhibit an exponential decrease in electron transfer rate with increasing bridge length. The findings indicate that self-assembled multilayers offer a simple, straight forward and modular method for manipulating electron transfer dynamics at dye-oxide interfaces.

Organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) and their compositions are described herein. In one or more embodiments, the OPV or solar cell includes an anode; a cathode; a first active layer positioned between the anode and the cathode, the first active layer configured to absorb light in a first wavelength spectrum; a second active layer positioned between the anode and the cathode, the second active layer configured to absorb light in a second wavelength spectrum; and a recombination zone positioned between the first active layer and the second active layer.

There is provided a method of producing a photovoltaic device comprising a photoactive region comprising a layer of perovskite material, wherein the layer of perovskite material is disposed on a surface that has a roughness average (R.sub.a) or root mean square roughness (R.sub.rms) of greater than or equal to 50 nm. The method comprises using vapour deposition to deposit a substantially continuous and conformal solid layer comprising one or more initial precursor compounds of the perovskite material, and subsequently treating the solid layer with one or more further precursor compounds to form a substantially continuous and conformal solid layer of the perovskite material on the rough surface. There is also provided a photovoltaic device comprising a photoactive region comprising a layer of perovskite material disposed using the method.