A building integrated modular thermal system is disclosed. A modular thermal unit comprises a plurality of metal battens having a longitudinal channel mounted horizontally onto a plurality of wooden battens, a thermal tubing containing liquid mounted on the longitudinal channels, a plurality of solar electric roof tiles mounted on the plurality of metal battens and connected in series to form a string, an inverter connected to each of the strings, an energy storage tank is connected between the thermal tubing, and a pump. The plurality of solar electric roof tiles generates DC electricity from solar energy and the inverter converts the DC electricity to AC electricity to feed to a utility grid. The plurality of metal battens collects the solar energy and converts into thermal energy through running the liquid which is extracted to the heat exchanger resulting in producing domestic hot water. The modular thermal unit and the thermal control system provide an easy installation with a removable modular structure.

A heat transfer device having a working fluid capable of circulating around a fluid flow path, the circulation around the fluid flow path bringing the working fluid in and out of thermal contact with a heat source, the heat transfer device comprising: a fluid containing portion internally defining a working fluid flow path; a heat source at least partially in thermal contact with the fluid containing portion; a gas substance generator at least partially within the fluid containing portion, and arranged to generate bubbles of vapor capable of driving the working fluid along a portion of the working fluid flow path in thermal contact with the heat source; wherein, in use, the driven working fluid absorbs heat from the heat source and transports the heat away from the heat source; and the driven working fluid returns to the gas substance generator to be recycled about the fluid flow path.

A solar energy collection device includes a solar converting station housing having a concentrator for aiding in focusing the energy onto a photovoltaic material. The photovoltaic material is applied to a series of cylindrically shaped power cells. A series of the power cells are rotationally assembled to the solar energy collection device. The power cells rotate about the cell axles, providing a cooling process for the photovoltaic material. The rotation can be provided via any number of means. The series of the power cells can be built in a removable assembly, providing a power pack for the end user.

A method for control of a cooling device for the active cooling of a perovskite solar cell, wherein the perovskite solar cell is part of a perovskite photovoltaic module. The method includes determining a measure of the internal temperature of the perovskite solar cell and activating the cooling device when the determined measure of the internal temperature of the perovskite solar cell is greater than a corresponding measure of a predetermined temperature threshold value. A photovoltaic apparatus having a perovskite photovoltaic module includes at least one perovskite solar cell, and a cooling device for the active cooling of the perovskite solar cell.