A bifacial solar cell module includes solar cells that are protected by front side packaging components and backside packaging components. The front side packaging components include a transparent top cover on a front portion of the solar cell module. The backside packaging components have a transparent portion that allows light coming from a back portion of the solar cell module to reach the solar cells, and a reflective portion that reflects light coming from the front portion of the solar cell module. The transparent and reflective portions may be integrated with a backsheet, e.g., by printing colored pigments on the backsheet. The reflective portion may also be on a reflective component that is separate from the backsheet. In that case, the reflective component may be placed over a clear backsheet before or after packaging.

A method and apparatus for managing a solar array. Light is measured using a threshold sensor to generate sensor data. A selected threshold is computed for an electrical output generated by a plurality of solar cells in the solar array based on the sensor data using control logic in a control module.

Solar cells in accordance with a number of embodiments of the invention are encapsulated by a material that can render the front contacts of the solar cells effectively invisible at certain angles of incidence. Front contacts of a solar cell provide a way for current to escape from the solar cell. However, these front contacts cover portions of the photoabsorbing substrate, blocking incident light that could otherwise be utilized by the photoabsorbing substrate for electrical power generation. By encapsulating the solar cell and using encapsulated volumes above the front contact that define interfaces, light reaching the interface can be refracted due to the different refractive indices of the two media. Depending on the refractive index ratio, total internal reflection can occur at certain angles of incidence. Totally internally reflected light can be redirected away from the front contacts and onto the photoabsorbing substrate, thereby reducing optical waste.

The present invention relates to SNS-595 and methods of treating cancer using the same.

The present invention relates to reflective articles, such as solar mirrors, that include a sacrificial cathodic layer. The reflective article, more particularly includes a substrate, such as glass, having a multi-layered coating thereon that includes a lead-free sacrificial cathodic layer. The sacrificial cathodic layer includes at least one transition metal, such as a particulate transition metal, which can be in the form of flakes (e.g., zinc flakes). The sacrificial cathodic layer can include an inorganic matrix formed from one or more organo-titanates. Alternatively, the sacrificial cathodic layer can include an organic polymer matrix (e.g., a crosslinked organic polymer matrix formed from an organic polymer and an aminoplast crosslinking agent). The reflective article also includes an outer organic polymer coating, that can be electrodeposited over the sacrificial cathodic layer.

A photovoltaic (PV) module includes an absorber layer coupled to an optic layer. The absorber layer includes an array of PV elements. The optic layer includes a close-packed array of Keplerian telescope elements, each corresponding to one of an array of pupil elements. The Keplerian telescope substantially couple radiation that is incident on their objective surfaces into the corresponding pupil elements. Each pupil element relays radiation that is coupled into it from the corresponding Keplerian telescope element into the corresponding PV element.

A method of manufacturing a solar cell comprising: providing a growth substrate depositing on the growth substrate an epitaxial sequence of layers of semiconductor material forming at least a first and second solar subcells depositing a semiconductor contact layer on top of the second solar subcell depositing a reflective metal layer over said semiconductor contact layer such that the reflectivity of the reflective metal layer is greater than 80% in the wavelength range 850 to 2000 nm depositing a contact metal layer composed on said reflective metal layer mounting and bonding a supporting substrate on top of the contact metal layer and removing the growth substrate.

Distributed Bragg reflectors are incorporated into the compositionally graded buffers of metamorphic solar cells, adding functionality to the buffer without adding cost. The reflection aids in collection in subcells that are optically thin due to low diffusion length, high bulk recombination, radiation hardness, partially-absorbing quantum structures, or simply for cost savings. Performance enhancements are demonstrated in GaAs subcells with QWs, which is beneficial when GaAs is not the ideal bandgap.

A method is described that includes sputtering multiple layers on a back surface of the photovoltaic structure, the photovoltaic structure being made of at least one group III-V semiconductor material, and evaporating, over the multiple layers, one or more additional layers including a metal layer, the back metal structure being formed by the multiple layers and the additional layers. A photovoltaic device is also described that includes a back metal structure disposed over a back surface of a photovoltaic structure made of a group III-V semiconductor material, the back metal structure including one or more evaporated layers disposed over multiple sputtered layers, the one or more evaporated layers including a metal layer. By allowing evaporation along with sputtering, tool size and costs can be reduced, including minimizing a number of vacuum breaks. Moreover, good yield and reliability, such as reducing dark line defects (DLDs), can also be achieved.

A PV device comprises a first mirror comprising a reflectance of higher than 50%; a second mirror interface; and an optical cavity positioned between the first mirror and the second mirror interface and comprising at least one IC stage. Each of the at least one IC stage comprises a conduction band; a valence band; a hole barrier comprising a first band gap; an absorption region coupled to the hole barrier, comprising a second band gap that is less than the first band gap, and configured to absorb photons; and an electron barrier coupled to the absorption region so that the absorption region is positioned between the hole barrier and the electron barrier. The electron barrier comprises a third band gap that is greater than the second band gap. The PV device is configured to operate at a forward bias voltage with a net photon absorption for generating an electric output.