Provided are methods for solid state pretreatment of active materials (e.g., prelithiation of silicon monoxide) while forming treated negative active material structures. Also provided are the formed structures, negative electrodes comprising these structures, and electrochemical cells comprising these electrodes. In some examples, silicon monoxide structures are mixed with lithium hydroxide structures or some other lithium-containing structures. The mixture is heated in an inert environment to form treated negative active material structures. These treated structures comprise various lithium-containing components, some of which trap lithium. When an electrochemical cell, formed with these treated negative active material structures, is initially charged and additional new lithium ions are introduced into the negative electrodes (e.g., from the positive electrode), a larger portion of these new lithium ions forms reversible components (rather than irreversible components) in the negative electrode than, for example, in a conventional cell without any such treatment.

Systems and methods utilizing aqueous-based polymer binders for silicon-dominant anodes may include an electrode coating layer on a current collector, where the electrode coating layer is formed from silicon and an aqueous-based suspension-solution binder composition comprising a water soluble (aqueous-based) polymer as part of a multi-component binder composition that also contains an water insoluble polymer. The electrode coating layer may include more than 70% silicon and the anode may be in a lithium ion battery.

Systems and methods utilizing aqueous-based polymer binders for silicon-dominant anodes may include an electrode coating layer on a current collector, where the electrode coating layer is formed from silicon and an aqueous-based suspension-solution binder composition comprising a water soluble (aqueous-based) polymer as part of a multi-component binder composition that also contains an water insoluble polymer. The electrode coating layer may include more than 70% silicon and the anode may be in a lithium ion battery.

A negative electrode active material containing a negative electrode active material particle which includes a silicon compound particle containing a silicon compound (SiO.sub.x: 0.5≤x≤1.6). The silicon compound particle has three or more peaks in a chemical shift value ranging from −40 ppm to −120 ppm but has no peak in a chemical shift value within a range of −65±3 ppm in a spectrum obtained from .sup.29Si-MAS-NMR of the silicon compound particle. This provides a negative electrode active material capable of improving cycle characteristics when it is used as a negative electrode active material for a secondary battery.

A negative electrode active material containing a negative electrode active material particle which includes a silicon compound particle containing a silicon compound (SiO.sub.x: 0.5≤x≤1.6). The silicon compound particle has three or more peaks in a chemical shift value ranging from −40 ppm to −120 ppm but has no peak in a chemical shift value within a range of −65±3 ppm in a spectrum obtained from .sup.29Si-MAS-NMR of the silicon compound particle. This provides a negative electrode active material capable of improving cycle characteristics when it is used as a negative electrode active material for a secondary battery.

Provides is a cathode active material comprising particles each containing a lithium composite oxide, a coating layer containing an ammonium phosphate compound containing a metal other than lithium. The coating layer coats each of the particles. The metal other than lithium includes at least one selected from the group consisting of manganese, nickel, and cobalt.

Provides is a cathode active material comprising particles each containing a lithium composite oxide, a coating layer containing an ammonium phosphate compound containing a metal other than lithium. The coating layer coats each of the particles. The metal other than lithium includes at least one selected from the group consisting of manganese, nickel, and cobalt.

Systems and methods are provided for high volume roll-to-roll direct coating of electrodes for silicon-dominant anode cells and may include applying a slurry to a current collector film, the slurry comprising silicon particles and a binder material; drying the slurry to form a precursor composite film; rolling the current collector film into a precursor composite roll; and applying a heat treatment to the precursor composite film and the current collector film in a nitrogen gas environment, wherein the heat treatment is configured for converting the precursor composite film to a pyrolyzed composite film. The heat treatment may include one or both of: applying the heat treatment to a roll comprising the precursor composite roll in whole; and applying the heat treatment to the current collector film as it is continuously fed from the precursor composite roll.

Systems and methods are provided for high volume roll-to-roll direct coating of electrodes for silicon-dominant anode cells and may include applying a slurry to a current collector film, the slurry comprising silicon particles and a binder material; drying the slurry to form a precursor composite film; rolling the current collector film into a precursor composite roll; and applying a heat treatment to the precursor composite film and the current collector film in a nitrogen gas environment, wherein the heat treatment is configured for converting the precursor composite film to a pyrolyzed composite film. The heat treatment may include one or both of: applying the heat treatment to a roll comprising the precursor composite roll in whole; and applying the heat treatment to the current collector film as it is continuously fed from the precursor composite roll.

Electrolyte materials for use in electrochemical cells, electrochemical cells comprising the same, and methods of making such materials and cells, are generally described. In some embodiments, the materials, processes, and uses described herein relate to electrochemical cells comprising sulfur and lithium such as, for example, lithium sulfur batteries.