A battery includes a positive electrode. The positive electrode includes a first current collector and a first active material. A negative electrode includes a second current collector. The second current collector includes at least one vent channel on at least one surface of the second current collector. The negative electrode includes a second active material.

A battery plate having a substrate with opposing surfaces and one or more nonplanar structures and one or more active materials disposed on at least one of the opposing surfaces; wherein the battery plate includes one or more of: i) one or more projections disposed within but do not extend beyond the active material; ii) one or more projections which project beyond the active material and substantially free of the active material or dust formed from the active material; and/or iii) a frame about the periphery of the substrate which projects beyond the active material and is substantially free of the active material or dust formed from the active material; and wherein the battery plate is adapted to form part of one or more electrochemical cells in a battery assembly.

A sealed secondary battery cell that is chargeable between a charged state and a discharged state is provided. The sealed secondary battery cell comprises a hermetically sealed enclosure comprising a polymer enclosure material, an electrode assembly enclosed by the hermetically sealed enclosure, a set of electrode constraints, and a rated capacity of at least 100 mAmp.Math.hr. A thermal conductivity of the secondary battery cell along a thermally conductive path between the vertically opposing regions of the external vertical surfaces of hermetically sealed enclosure in the vertical direction is at least 2 Wm.Math.K.

The present disclosure relates to a current collector for a lithium metal battery, the current collector comprising a metal substrate having a plurality of cracks formed therein.

Battery packs having jelly roll battery cells of different designs or capacities may have an imbalance in the charging and/or discharging current supplied to and provided by each jelly roll due to differences in capacity specific impedance between the battery cells of the battery pack. A C-rate (i.e., current relative to rated capacity) of a first and second battery cell connected in parallel may be balanced by altering properties of an active layer and/or a thickness of a current collector of the second battery cell to reduce an impedance of the second battery cell.

Battery packs having jelly roll battery cells of different designs or capacities may have an imbalance in the charging and/or discharging current supplied to and provided by each jelly roll due to differences in capacity specific impedance between the battery cells of the battery pack. A C-rate (i.e., current relative to rated capacity) of a first and second battery cell connected in parallel may be balanced by altering properties of an active layer and/or a thickness of a current collector of the second battery cell to reduce an impedance of the second battery cell.

An anode for an energy storage device includes a current collector having a metal layer; and a metal oxide layer provided in a first pattern overlaying the metal layer. The anode further includes a patterned lithium storage structure having a continuous porous lithium storage layer selectively overlaying at least a portion of the first pattern of metal oxide. A method of making an anode for use in an energy storage device includes providing a current collector having a metal layer and a metal oxide layer provided in a first pattern overlaying the metal layer. A continuous porous lithium storage layer is selectively formed by chemical vapor deposition by exposing the current collector to at least one lithium storage material precursor gas.

The present disclosure provides a lithium ion battery, a battery pack, an electric vehicle and an energy storage device. The lithium ion battery includes a casing and an electrode core packaged in the casing. The electrode core includes a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator located between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet. The positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode material layer loaded on the positive electrode current collector. Among the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode material layer, the negative electrode sheet, and the separator, the one with the lowest melting point is defined as an effective component. The effective component meets:

[00001]$80<d_2\rho C_{p}x\left(\frac{1.12nL}{\left(n+1\right)W}+\frac{1.35L}{W}+0.337n+4.49\right)<2000.$

The present disclosure provides a lithium ion battery, a battery pack, an electric vehicle and an energy storage device. The lithium ion battery includes a casing and an electrode core packaged in the casing. The electrode core includes a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator located between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet. The positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode material layer loaded on the positive electrode current collector. Among the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode material layer, the negative electrode sheet, and the separator, the one with the lowest melting point is defined as an effective component. The effective component meets:

[00001]$80<d_2\rho C_{p}x\left(\frac{1.12nL}{\left(n+1\right)W}+\frac{1.35L}{W}+0.337n+4.49\right)<2000.$

A reference electrode for a lithium-ion battery cell in the form of a porous ultrathin film that is fabricated from aluminum or an aluminum alloy is described. The aluminum layer is conductive and functions as a current collector for the reference electrode. The alloying elements may include but not limited to one or more of copper, zinc, silver, gold, titanium, chrome, rare earth metals, etc., to achieve target values for electrical, mechanical and chemical properties. Also disclosed is an electrochemical battery cell having an anode, a cathode, and a reference electrode, wherein the reference electrode is interposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the reference electrode is an electrode layer that is arranged on a current collector, and wherein the current collector is fabricated from an aluminum alloy.