A solid oxide fuel cell comprising an anode layer, an electrolyte layer, and a two phased cathode layer. The two phased cathode layer comprises praseodymium and gadolinium-doped ceria. Additionally, the solid oxide fuel cell does not contain a barrier layer.

A negative electrode for a lithium metal battery which includes: a current collector; a negative electrode active material layer formed on the surface of a current collector; a heat conductive layer formed on a surface of the negative electrode active material layer wherein the heat conductive layer comprises a heat conductive material having a heat conductivity of 25 W/m.Math.K to 500 W/m.Math.K; and a protective layer formed on a surface of the heat conductive layer, wherein the protective layer includes at least one of a porous polymer layer and a ceramic layer. An electrochemical device including the negative electrode for a lithium metal battery. The negative electrode for a lithium metal battery includes a heat conductive layer and a protective layer, and can inhibit growth of lithium dendrite in a negative electrode for a lithium metal battery and improve the cycle life of an electrochemical device.

Disclosed are a mixed catalyst, a method for preparing same, a method for forming an electrode by using same, and a membrane-electrode assembly comprising same, the mixed catalyst having uniform physical features within a predetermined range, which are suitable for the manufacture of an electrode and membrane-electrode assembly having desired performance and durability. The mixed catalyst comprises: a first catalyst, which includes a first support and first catalyst metal particles distributed on the first support, and has a first BET surface area and a first total pore volume; and a second catalyst, which includes a second support and second catalyst metal particles distributed on the second support, and has a second BET surface area different from the first BET surface area and a second total pore volume different from the first total pore volume.

A bipolar plate for a PEM hydrogen fuel cell is coated with a carbon-containing coating, the carbon-containing coating comprising in order: a) a titanium seed layer; b) a titanium nitride interfacial layer; and c) a a-C top layer, and wherein the bipolar plate is formed from stainless steel. Methods for making such coated plates are described. The a-C has a density of greater than 2.0 g/cm3, a molar hydrogen content of 5% or less, an sp2 carbon content of 40% to 80% and an sp3 carbon content of 20% to 60%. The coated plates possess good electrical conductivity and are resistant to corrosion.

The present invention inexpensively provides an electrode material for a fuel electrode, the electrode material having CO.sub.2 resistance and being capable of forming a fuel cell having high electricity generation performance. An electrode material for a fuel electrode, the electrode material constituting a fuel electrode of a fuel cell including a proton-conductive solid electrolyte layer, includes a perovskite-type solid electrolyte component and a nickel (Ni) catalyst component, in which the solid electrolyte component includes a barium component, a zirconium component, a cerium component, and a yttrium component, and the mixture ratio of the zirconium component to the cerium component in the solid electrolyte component is set to be 1:7 to 7:1 in terms of molar ratio.

A fuel cell catalyst layer includes a plurality of carbon particles, a plurality of catalyst particles, and at least one plate-shaped carbon member disposed between the plurality of carbon particles. The plurality of catalyst particles are supported on surfaces of the plurality of carbon particles. The plate-shaped carbon member may be replaced with a rod-shaped carbon member.

A fuel cell electrode catalyst layer (13) of the preset invention includes: a catalyst (131b); a support (131a) that supports the catalyst; and two or more proton-conductive materials (133) different in dry mass value per mole of a proton-donating group, the proton-conductive materials being in contact with at least a part of the catalyst and at least a part of the support. Then, a proton-conductive material in which a dry mass value per mole of the proton-donating group is highest among the proton-conductive materials is in contact with at least a part of the catalyst, and has a largest contact ratio with a surface of the catalyst.

Methods of forming a metal-alloy graphene nanocomposites are provided. The methods include providing a graphene substrate and forming a conducting polymer layer on a first major surface of the graphene substrate. The methods also include pyrolyzing the conducting polymer layer to form a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate and dispersing a plurality of metal-alloy nanoparticles on a first surface of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate to form the nanocomposite.

Systems and methods for manufacturing and use of a two layer coated electrode are provided. The two layer coated electrode may comprise a substrate, a first coating layer, and a second coating layer. The first coating layer may comprise a mixture of iridium oxide and tin oxide, and the second coating layer may comprise a mixture of iridium oxide and tantalum oxide. The electrode may be used in, for example, an electrolytic cell.

The present invention provides a lithium-air battery comprising: an air electrode using oxygen as a positive electrode active material; a negative electrode which is disposed apart from the positive electrode; and a separator which is immersed in an electrolyte disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the air electrode comprises a gas diffusion layer coated with a conductive material, and the separator has a part coated with the conductive material.