A manufacturing method of a proton battery and a proton battery module are provided. The manufacturing method of the proton battery includes the steps of providing a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a polymer exchange membrane, and assembling the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the polymer exchange membrane, in which the polymer exchange membrane is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The step of providing the negative electrode at least includes forming a carbon layer on a substrate, and performing a polarization process on the carbon layer.

An electrochemical cell comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and a proton-conducting membrane between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode comprises a layered perovskite having the general formula: DAB.sub.2O.sub.5+δ, wherein D consists of two or more lanthanide elements; A consists of one or more of Sr and Ba; B consists of one or more of Co, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, and Nd; and δ is an oxygen deficit. The second electrode comprises a cermet material including at least one metal and at least one perovskite. Related structures, apparatuses, systems, and methods are also described.

A Pd—Ru alloy catalyst for hydrogen production and its preparation methods are provided. The catalyst can include a plurality of particles comprising an alloy of at least palladium (Pd) and ruthenium (Ru). Moreover, the catalyst can further include a support material such as carbon support having external or internal surfaces on which the plurality of particles is dispersed. The alloy catalyst can have a molar ratio of Pd:Ru in a range of about 0.5:1 to about 9:1. For hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the Pd—Ru alloy catalyst exhibits increased catalytic activities comparing to some well-known catalysts.

Ways of making electrodes and electrodes produced thereby are provided. Dry blending of a powder mixture including a catalyst, an ionomer, and a polyether forms a blended mixture, which can be comminuted to obtain a desired particle size. A slurry of the blended mixture is formed with an aqueous medium and the slurry is coated onto a substrate to form a coated substrate. The coating can be transferred to another substrate or material for use as an electrode and/or the substrate of the coated substrate can form part of a structure, such as a membrane electrode assembly for use in a fuel cell.

Described herein are novel alumina substrate-supported thin film SOFCs that may be produced at significantly reduced cost while providing improved robustness, high electrochemical performance, and the capability of effective carbon deposition resistance while still using Ni-cermet as an anode functional layer.

Methods of making catalyst-coated membranes are provided. Application of a first catalyst ink to first side of a proton-exchange membrane forms a first electrode coating thereon. Removal of a backing from the proton-exchange membrane exposes a second side of the proton-exchange membrane permitting application of a second catalyst ink to the exposed second side of the proton-exchange membrane to form a second electrode coating thereon. The cathode catalyst ink includes a cathode catalyst, a cathode ionomer, and a cathode solvent. The anode catalyst ink includes anode particles dispersed in an inert, fluorinated, and nonpolar solvent. The anode particles include an anode catalyst, a water electrolysis catalyst, and an anode ionomer.

The invention relates to solid oxide fuel cell anodes, in particular anodes which containing porous particles coated with catalytic nickel. The use of porous particles as a carrier for the nickel catalyst helps to overcome some of the redox stability issues experienced by some systems and improves the internal reforming properties of the system and permits less nickel to be used in SOFC systems.

A membrane electrode assembly comprises a polymer electrolyte interposed between an anode electrode and a cathode electrode, the anode electrode comprising an anode catalyst layer adjacent at least a portion of a first major surface of the polymer electrolyte, the cathode electrode comprising a cathode catalyst layer adjacent at least a portion of a second major surface of the polymer electrolyte; at least one of the anode and cathode catalyst layers comprising: a first catalyst composition comprising a noble metal; and a second composition comprising a metal oxide; wherein the second composition has been treated with a fluoro-phosphonic acid compound.

Provided are a positive electrode for a Zn—Br battery, a Zn—Br battery including the same, and a method of manufacturing the positive electrode for a Zn—Br battery. The positive electrode for a Zn—Br battery includes a carbon body doped with pyridinic nitrogen. The Zn—Br battery includes a negative electrode including a transition metal coated with zinc, the positive electrode; and an electrolyte. A pH of the electrolyte is in a range of 1.5 to 5.

A method of producing an infiltrated solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) layer. The method begins by infiltrating a solution containing a solute into a SOFC layer to produce a primary SOFC layer. The primary SOFC layer is then dried in a heated environment, wherein the heated environment ranges in temperature from about 25° C. to about 100° C. to produce a dry primary SOFC layer. The dry primary SOFC layer is then cooled at a rate less than about 5° C./min to room temperature to produce a cooled primary SOFC layer. The cooled primary SOFC layer is then heated to a temperature greater than 500° C. then quenching to a temperature from about 10° C. to about 30° C. to produce an infiltrated SOFC layer.