A method is disclosed for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst for a fuel cell including the steps of depositing metal single atoms to a nitrogen precursor powder, mixing the metal single atom-deposited nitrogen precursor powder with a carbonaceous support, and carrying out heat treatment. The step of depositing metal single atoms is carried out by sputtering, thermal evaporation, E-beam evaporation or atomic layer deposition. The method uses a relatively lower amount of chemical substances as compared to conventional methods, is eco-friendly, and can produce a single-atom catalyst at low cost. In addition, unlike conventional methods which are limited to certain metallic materials, the present method can be applied regardless of the type of metal.

The present invention relates to a laminate comprising (i) an ion exchange membrane comprising an ion exchange polymer, and (ii) a monolayered release film removably adhered to at least one side of the ion exchange membrane, wherein the monolayered release film comprises at least 95% by weight of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS). The invention also relates to a method for producing the laminate, use of the monolayered release film in producing an electrolyte membrane or a membrane electrode assembly, and a method for producing an electrolyte membrane or a membrane electrode assembly.

Disclosed are a catalyst layer for a fuel cell, including a carbon carrier having pores, a catalyst metal carried on the carbon carrier, and an ionomer covering the carbon carrier, wherein the crystal length of the carbon carrier is not less than 6 nm, and the coverage of the catalyst metal by the ionomer is 55% to 65%, and a method for the production of a catalyst layer for a fuel cell, including heat-treating a carbon carrier having pores, heat-treating the heat-treated carbon carrier under an oxygen atmosphere to activate the carbon carrier, allowing the activated carbon carrier to carry a catalyst metal, mixing the carbon carrier carrying the catalyst metal and an ionomer to cover the carbon carrier with the ionomer, and forming the catalyst layer for a fuel cell using the carbon carrier covered with the ionomer.

The invention relates to a catalyst which is suitable for use in an anode of a fuel cell. The catalyst comprises (i) nickel metal and (ii) at least one metal selected from transition metals and may optionally also comprise (iii) at least one metal selected from alkaline earth metals. Metals (i), (ii) and, if present, (iii) are supported on (iv) a finely divided electrically conductive carrier. The weight ratio (i):((ii)+(iii)) is at least 3:1.

A method for manufacturing a miniaturized electrochemical cell and a miniaturized electrochemical cell is provided. The method includes the following steps: a) forming a colloidal template of colloidal particles made of an electrically insulating material, on a substrate made of an electrically conducting material, b) depositing by electrodeposition in the void spaces of the colloidal template, at least three alternating layers forming a repeating unit, the alternating layers being made of an electron conducting material or a semi -conducting material, the intermediate layer(s) being made of a material M.sub.3 different from materials M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 constituting respectively the upper and lower layers, the material M3 having a standard potential lower than the standard potentials of the materials M.sub.1 and M.sub.2, c) removal of the material M.sub.3 of intermediate layer(s), and d) removal of the colloidal particles of the upper and lower layers to obtain the desired electrodes.

An electrode material includes: (1) a catalyst support; and (2) PtNiN-M nanostructures affixed to the catalyst support, wherein N is a transition metal selected from Group 9 and Group 11 of the Periodic Table, and M is a transition metal selected from Group 5 and Group 6 of the Periodic Table.

Described is a composite material composed of an atomically thin (single layer) amorphous carbon disposed on top of a substrate (metal, glass, oxides) and methods of growing and differentiating stem cells.

An adhesive layer is placed in a region outside an outer peripheral edge part of a second catalyst layer, on a second surface of an electrolyte membrane. A support frame is placed via the adhesive layer such that the second catalyst layer and a second gas diffusion layer are placed inside an opening of the support frame. A specific region as a region between the outer peripheral edge part of the second catalyst layer and an inner peripheral edge part of the opening of the support frame is present. A predetermined material is placed inside a recessed portion present on a surface of the adhesive layer inside the specific region, the predetermined material containing at least one of a first substance having an action of decomposing hydrogen peroxide and a second substance having an action of decomposing hydroxyl radicals.

A redox flow battery may include: a membrane interposed between a first electrode positioned at a first side of the membrane and a second electrode positioned at a second side of the membrane opposite to the first side; a first flow field plate comprising a plurality of positive flow field ribs, each of the plurality of positive flow field ribs contacting the first electrode at first supporting regions on the first side; and the second electrode, including an electrode spacer positioned between the membrane and a second flow field plate, the electrode spacer comprising a plurality of main ribs, each of the plurality of main ribs contacting the second flow field plate at second supporting regions on the second side, each of the second supporting regions aligned opposite to one of the plurality of first supporting regions. As such, a current density distribution at a plating surface may be reduced.

A method (100) for making a non-aqueous rechargeable metal-air battery is provided. The method includes before and/or after inserting (108) a cathode in the battery, a pre-conditioning step (104, 106, 110) of a 3D nanomesh structure, so as to obtain a pre-conditioned 3D nanomesh structure, the pre-conditioned 3D nanomesh structure being free of cathode active material.

A cathode to be inserted into a non-aqueous rechargeable metal-air battery is also provided. The cathode includes a pre-conditioned 3D nanomesh structure made of nanowires made of electronic conductive metal material, the pre-conditioned 3D nanomesh structure being free of cathode active material.

A non-aqueous rechargeable metal-air battery including such a cathode is also provided.