An aerosol-generating system provided, including an electrically operated aerosol-generating element; a first electrochemical energy storage device (EESD) configured to supply electrical power to the aerosol-generating element; and an EESD temperature control system including at least one temperature sensor positioned to sense a temperature of the first EESD and an electrical heater configured to heat the first EESD, wherein the EESD temperature control system operates the electrical heater dependent on an output from the at least one temperature sensor.

A separator for a fuel cell includes protrusions and gas passage portions. The protrusions each include a contact surface configured to contact a power generation portion. The gas passage portions are each arranged between two adjacent ones of the protrusions. An upstream side and a downstream side are defined with reference to a direction in which reactant gas flows through the gas passage portions. The protrusions each include a downstream end. The contact surfaces of the protrusions each include a first groove extending along an extending direction of the protrusions. The downstream end of each of the protrusions includes a separation surface. The separation surface is continuous with the contact surface on the downstream side and separated from the power generation portion. The separation surface includes a second groove that is continuous with the first groove.

Disclosed is an improved fuel cell apparatus. The fuel cell apparatus comprises at least one fuel cell, the fuel cell comprising two bipolar plates (200a 200b), one providing an anode side, and the other providing a cathode side, the fuel cell being configured to have a fuel inlet and a fuel outlet, and a membrane electrode assembly (422) disposed between the fuel inlets (201) and fuel outlets (203) of the bipolar plates. The at least one fuel cell is retained by a housing, the housing comprising a first outer plate and a second outer plate, each located on an opposite face of the at least one fuel cell. The housing further comprises a cooling element support which is adapted to support one or more fans that are adapted to provide an air flow toward the at least one fuel cell.

Disclosed is an improved fuel cell apparatus. The fuel cell apparatus comprises at least one fuel cell, the fuel cell comprising two bipolar plates (200a 200b), one providing an anode side, and the other providing a cathode side, the fuel cell being configured to have a fuel inlet and a fuel outlet, and a membrane electrode assembly (422) disposed between the fuel inlets (201) and fuel outlets (203) of the bipolar plates. The at least one fuel cell is retained by a housing, the housing comprising a first outer plate and a second outer plate, each located on an opposite face of the at least one fuel cell. The housing further comprises a cooling element support which is adapted to support one or more fans that are adapted to provide an air flow toward the at least one fuel cell.

A fuel cell cooling system may include a fuel cell stack that produces electricity by use of a fuel, a fuel cell cooler that cools cooling water for cooling the fuel cell stack through exchange of heat with external air, an exhaust line that exhausts an exhaust gas generated by the fuel cell stack, a condenser fluidically connected to the exhaust line to generate condensate by condensing the exhaust gas and store the generated condensate, an ejector connected to the condenser to eject the condensate to an external surface of the fuel cell cooler, and a condensate cooler connected to the condenser to cool the condensate stored in the condenser through exchange of heat therebetween.

A fuel cell cooling system may include a fuel cell stack that produces electricity by use of a fuel, a fuel cell cooler that cools cooling water for cooling the fuel cell stack through exchange of heat with external air, an exhaust line that exhausts an exhaust gas generated by the fuel cell stack, a condenser fluidically connected to the exhaust line to generate condensate by condensing the exhaust gas and store the generated condensate, an ejector connected to the condenser to eject the condensate to an external surface of the fuel cell cooler, and a condensate cooler connected to the condenser to cool the condensate stored in the condenser through exchange of heat therebetween.

A fuel cell ship includes a cooling system that cools a fuel cell. The cooling system includes a cooling medium tank that accommodates a cooling medium, a cooling medium circulation pipe that circulates the cooling medium between the fuel cell and the cooling medium tank, a cooling tank internal gas detector installed in the cooling medium tank, a cooling tank internal gas discharge pipe connected to the cooling medium tank, and a cooling tank internal gas discharge valve installed in the cooling tank internal gas discharge pipe. The fuel cell ship includes a control unit that controls opening and closing of the cooling tank internal gas discharge valve. The control unit opens the cooling tank internal gas discharge valve when the cooling tank internal gas detector detects that the concentration of the fuel gas in the cooling medium tank is equal to or greater than a specified value determined in advance.

A fuel cell ship includes a cooling system that cools a fuel cell. The cooling system includes a cooling medium tank that accommodates a cooling medium, a cooling medium circulation pipe that circulates the cooling medium between the fuel cell and the cooling medium tank, a cooling tank internal gas detector installed in the cooling medium tank, a cooling tank internal gas discharge pipe connected to the cooling medium tank, and a cooling tank internal gas discharge valve installed in the cooling tank internal gas discharge pipe. The fuel cell ship includes a control unit that controls opening and closing of the cooling tank internal gas discharge valve. The control unit opens the cooling tank internal gas discharge valve when the cooling tank internal gas detector detects that the concentration of the fuel gas in the cooling medium tank is equal to or greater than a specified value determined in advance.

To provide an air-cooled fuel cell with increased durability and power generation performance. An air-cooled fuel cell wherein the air-cooled fuel cell includes a second separator, a membrane electrode gas diffusion layer assembly, a first separator and a cooling plate in this order; wherein a sum of a flow path width and rib width of third flow paths is larger than a sum of a flow path width and rib width of first flow paths and a sum of a flow path width and rib width of second flow paths; wherein, in a power generation region in which the first separator, the second separator and the cooling plate overlap with the membrane electrode gas diffusion layer assembly when viewed from above, part of the first flow paths, part of the second flow paths, and part of the third flow paths intersect with each other.

To provide an air-cooled fuel cell with increased durability and power generation performance. An air-cooled fuel cell wherein the air-cooled fuel cell includes a second separator, a membrane electrode gas diffusion layer assembly, a first separator and a cooling plate in this order; wherein a sum of a flow path width and rib width of third flow paths is larger than a sum of a flow path width and rib width of first flow paths and a sum of a flow path width and rib width of second flow paths; wherein, in a power generation region in which the first separator, the second separator and the cooling plate overlap with the membrane electrode gas diffusion layer assembly when viewed from above, part of the first flow paths, part of the second flow paths, and part of the third flow paths intersect with each other.