An electrochemical apparatus includes: a reformer that produces a first hydrogen-containing gas by reforming a raw material; a combustor that heats the reformer; an electrochemical device that includes an anode and a cathode, the electrochemical device operating by using the first hydrogen-containing gas supplied to the anode; a first flow rate controller that controls a flow rate of the first hydrogen-containing gas supplied to the anode and a flow rate of a second hydrogen-containing gas supplied from a supply source, the second hydrogen-containing gas being different from the first hydrogen-containing gas; a second flow rate controller that controls a flow rate at which an anode-off gas exhausted from the anode is recycled to the anode and a flow rate at which the anode-off gas is supplied to the combustor; and a controller that controls the first flow rate controller and the second flow rate controller.

An electrochemical apparatus includes: a reformer that produces a first hydrogen-containing gas by reforming a raw material; a combustor that heats the reformer; an electrochemical device that includes an anode and a cathode, the electrochemical device operating by using the first hydrogen-containing gas supplied to the anode; a first flow rate controller that controls a flow rate of the first hydrogen-containing gas supplied to the anode and a flow rate of a second hydrogen-containing gas supplied from a supply source, the second hydrogen-containing gas being different from the first hydrogen-containing gas; a second flow rate controller that controls a flow rate at which an anode-off gas exhausted from the anode is recycled to the anode and a flow rate at which the anode-off gas is supplied to the combustor; and a controller that controls the first flow rate controller and the second flow rate controller.

The present invention provides, in a first aspect, an electrical generation system which includes an electrolyzer and a fuel cell system. The electrolyzer is coupled to a source of water and a power source. The electrolyzer is configured to generate oxygen and hydrogen utilizing water from the water source and electrical power from the power source. The fuel cell system is coupled to the electrolyzer to receive a flow of the hydrogen from the electrolyzer at an anode thereof. The fuel cell system includes a cathode having a cathode chamber coupled to a source of ambient air. The cathode chamber is coupled to the electrolyzer to selectively allow a flow of the oxygen from the electrolyzer to the cathode chamber and to selectively allow a flow of air from the source of ambient air to the cathode chamber. The fuel cell system is configured to generate electricity in a fuel cell reaction utilizing the hydrogen and the oxygen.

The present invention provides, in a first aspect, an electrical generation system which includes an electrolyzer and a fuel cell system. The electrolyzer is coupled to a source of water and a power source. The electrolyzer is configured to generate oxygen and hydrogen utilizing water from the water source and electrical power from the power source. The fuel cell system is coupled to the electrolyzer to receive a flow of the hydrogen from the electrolyzer at an anode thereof. The fuel cell system includes a cathode having a cathode chamber coupled to a source of ambient air. The cathode chamber is coupled to the electrolyzer to selectively allow a flow of the oxygen from the electrolyzer to the cathode chamber and to selectively allow a flow of air from the source of ambient air to the cathode chamber. The fuel cell system is configured to generate electricity in a fuel cell reaction utilizing the hydrogen and the oxygen.

An electrolysis apparatus for the electrolytic production of oxygen from oxide-containing starting material includes at least one cathode which at least partly delimits a receiving region which in at least one operation state is configured for receiving the oxide-containing starting material and at least one anode, wherein the electrolysis apparatus has at least one selective oxygen pump which is at least partly realized integrally with the anode.

An energy recovery assembly, fuel cell system and vehicle, with an electrolyzer configured to provide a fuel and an oxidant, a fuel cell configured to convert the fuel and an oxidant to electrical energy, a tank configured to store the fuel or the oxidant, and a conduction pathway connecting the tank to the electrolyzer and the fuel cell. The assembly also includes: an expansion machine disposed in the conduction pathway and configured to expand a fluid flowing through the expansion machine and to obtain mechanical energy; and a valve arrangement configured to put the pathway in a first mode in which the fuel or the oxidant is guided to the tank, or in a second mode in which the fuel cell or the oxidant is guided to the fuel cell, wherein the fuel or the oxidant in the first and second modes flows through the expansion machine.

An energy recovery assembly, fuel cell system and vehicle, with an electrolyzer configured to provide a fuel and an oxidant, a fuel cell configured to convert the fuel and an oxidant to electrical energy, a tank configured to store the fuel or the oxidant, and a conduction pathway connecting the tank to the electrolyzer and the fuel cell. The assembly also includes: an expansion machine disposed in the conduction pathway and configured to expand a fluid flowing through the expansion machine and to obtain mechanical energy; and a valve arrangement configured to put the pathway in a first mode in which the fuel or the oxidant is guided to the tank, or in a second mode in which the fuel cell or the oxidant is guided to the fuel cell, wherein the fuel or the oxidant in the first and second modes flows through the expansion machine.

Described herein is a modular system for producing hydrogen or other gases in a densely-packed space, such as an urban setting. The system includes a plurality of hydrogen cabinets installed in a stacked fashion and at least one duct assembly to safely exhaust gases produced by the system.

Described herein is a modular system for producing hydrogen or other gases in a densely-packed space, such as an urban setting. The system includes a plurality of hydrogen cabinets installed in a stacked fashion and at least one duct assembly to safely exhaust gases produced by the system.

Systems and methods for energy storage system are provided. The system includes a particle regeneration subsystem for applying electrical energy to regenerate metallic particulate fuel; a fuel storage subsystem for storing metallic particulate fuel, the fuel storage subsystem in fluid communication with the particle regeneration subsystem; and a power generation subsystem for producing electrical energy from the metallic particulate fuel, the power generation subsystem in fluid communication with the fuel storage subsystem; a bearer electrolyte for transporting the metallic particulate fuel through the particle regeneration subsystem, the fuel storage subsystem and the power generation subsystem; and a control unit configured to independently control flow of the bearer electrolyte between the particle regeneration subsystem and the fuel storage subsystem, and the fuel storage subsystem and the power generation subsystem.