Provided is a flight path calculating method for high altitude long endurance of an unmanned aerial vehicle based on regenerative fuel cells and solar cells according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may include a modeling step, a simulation step, and an analyzing step, and may be configured in a program form executed by an arithmetic processing means including a computer. a flight path searching method and a flight path searching apparatus for performing continuous flight path re-searching on the basis of information measured in real time during a flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the stratosphere to change a flight path so that the unmanned aerial vehicle may permanently perform long endurance in the stratosphere is provided.

A water electrolysis and electricity generating system is equipped with a water introduction flow path, an oxygen-containing gas flow path, an oxygen-containing gas introduction flow path, a first gas-liquid separator, and a dilution flow path. The oxygen-containing gas introduction flow path introduces the oxygen-containing gas that flows through the oxygen-containing gas flow path into the first supply flow path. The first gas-liquid separator separates into a gas and a liquid the gas-containing water that is guided from the first lead-out flow path connected to the first outlet port member. The dilution flow path guides the oxygen-containing gas that flows through the oxygen-containing gas flow path to the first gas-liquid separator as a diluting gas.

A fuel cell system is disclosed that comprises a fuel cell unit operable to store at least one of water and hydrogen. At least one membrane is provided at one or more ends of the fuel cell unit. The membrane is operable to enable a flow of oxygen through the at least a portion of fuel cell unit. Further, the membrane is further operable to prevent water from flowing through at least a portion of the fuel cell. Moreover, an electrical source in operative engagement with the fuel cell unit. The fuel cell operates in a first mode to collect the hydrogen when receiving voltage from the electrical source, and further the fuel cell operates in a second mode to generate electricity using the hydrogen. The fuel cell unit is preferably stackable via a combination of conductible studs and receptacles.

The invention relates to a method (100) for converting and/or storing electric energy E obtained from mechanical energy M in a vehicle comprising a motor (1), in particular a motor vehicle. In the method, a) mechanical energy M obtained when braking and/or during an overrun operation of the vehicle is converted into electric energy E in a first step using a generator (2), b) the electric energy is stored in an intermediate energy store (3) in a second step, c) the stored electric energy E is discharged to an electrolysis module (4) in a third step, d) the module converts the electric energy E into chemical energy C in a fourth step at least by splitting water (H.sub.2O) into hydrogen (H.sub.2) and oxygen (O2), and e) the chemical energy is conducted into a gas tank (5) of the vehicle for temporary storage and/or is supplied to the motor (1) and/or a fuel cell (10) of the vehicle in a fifth step.

The invention essentially consists of proposing a novel reactor or fuel cell architecture having an active section of the catalytic material for methanation or reforming reaction integrated into the electrode which varies with the composition of the gases, as they are distributed in accordance with the electrochemistry on said electrode.

A fuel cell energy circulative utilization system includes an input energy, a first electric cell having an electricity output terminal and an energy output terminal, a second electric cell having an electricity input terminal, an energy input terminal, and an energy output terminal, and an energy circulation control device connected among the first and second electric cells and the input energy. The input energy includes an energy source containing hydrocarbons or hydrogen and connected to an energy input port of the first electric cell in order to make the first electric cell outputs electricity through the electricity output terminal and energy products of thermal energy and water through the energy output terminal. The electricity output terminal and the energy output terminal for thermal energy and water of the first electric cell are respectively connected to the electricity input terminal and the energy input terminal of the second electric cell, in order to make the second electric cell to at least output a hydrogen source through the energy output terminal thereof to the energy circulation control device, so that the energy circulation control device controls circulation of hydrogen for feeding to the energy input terminal of the first electric cell for reuse. The energy circulation control device is also operable to switch operations of the first and second electric cells between working modes of solid oxide electrolysis cell and solid oxide fuel cell.

An embodiment provides a catalyst for water electrolysis which includes an iridium mixed phase formed by physical mixing of two or more selected from metal iridium (Ir), iridium(III) oxide (Ir.sub.2O.sub.3), or iridium(IV) oxide (IrO.sub.2) and has a structure in which nanosheets composed of the iridium mixed phase are stacked. The catalyst for water electrolysis may exhibit high activity and stability for the oxygen evolution reaction in water electrolysis.

A solid oxide electrochemical cell includes a solid oxide electrolyte, a fuel-side electrode located on a first side of the solid oxide electrolyte, and an air-side electrode located on a second side of the solid oxide electrolyte. The air-side electrode includes a strontium getter material, a current collector layer and a functional layer located between the current collector layer and the second side of the solid oxide electrolyte.

The invention provides reversible bio sensitized photoelectric conversion and H.sub.2 to electricity conversion devices which use one or more of a proton pumping photoactive biological layers to generate a proton gradient that is harnessed to produce electrical energy. It is also provided a photoelectric conversion element that incorporates the device of the present invention.

This invention relates to a system comprising one or more electrolysis cell(s) and at least one power electronic unit that supplies the cell(s) with a fluctuating voltage, and to a method for operating one or more electrolysis cell(s), comprising providing one or more voltage fluctuations to the electrolysis cell(s) by at least one power electronic unit, enabling the provision of a low-cost electrolysis system which simultaneously allows for fast-response dynamic operation, improved electrolysis efficiency, increased lifetime and high impurity tolerance.