The disclosure relates to a system consisting of a holder and stored energy sources which can be placed in the holder, in particular rechargeable batteries, each having a casing which has side walls and in which are placed electrode plates oriented parallel to the side walls and nonwoven materials containing a bound electrolyte, the electrode plates being placed between adjacent nonwoven materials. The holder consists of at least two supports placed one above the other to hold stored energy sources in such a manner that the side walls of the casing which are oriented parallel to the electrode plates are oriented substantially horizontally. At least one pressure element is situated between the supports and rests on the side walls of the casing of the stored energy sources and transmits at least the weight force of the stored energy sources situated at the top of the holder to stored energy sources situated underneath the stored energy sources situated at the top.

Improved battery separators, batteries, and systems, as well as methods relating thereto are disclosed herein for use in various lead acid batteries such as valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries that include one or more AGM layers. The improved battery separators described herein may provide a battery system with an advantage of a significantly decreased acid filling time and a significantly increased acid filling speed. Various improved batteries, methods and systems are described herein using such improved battery separators that increase acid filling speed and decrease acid filling time for a VRLA battery.

A compact AGM lead acid battery is disclosed. The battery has a container and one or more electrically connected cells in the container. The electrically connected cells are formed by a plurality of positive plates and plurality of negative plates, wherein an absorbent glass mat is interleaved between positive and negative plates. Electrolyte is provided within the container. The lead acid battery has an improved battery performance per volume and less lead weight than a conventional AGM lead acid battery or EFB lead acid battery.

Battery separators comprising ribs are generally described. In some embodiments, the ribs have one or more features that enhance the performance of the battery separator.

A valve regulated lead-acid battery includes at least one cell including an element and an electrolyte solution. The element includes a negative electrode plate, a positive electrode plate, and a separator interposed between the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate. The negative electrode plate includes a negative electrode material. The negative electrode material contains a polymer compound having a peak in a range of 3.2 ppm or more and 3.8 ppm or less in a chemical shift of a .sup.1H-NMR spectrum measured using deuterated chloroform as a solvent, or contains a polymer compound having a repeating structure of oxy C.sub.2-4 alkylene units. The positive electrode plate includes a positive electrode material. A density of the positive electrode material is 3.70 g/cm.sup.3 or more and 4.65 g/cm.sup.3 or less.

A lead alloy for an electrode grid comprises lead, 0.04 wt. %-0.08 wt. % calcium and 0.003 wt. %-0.025 wt. % of at least one rare earth metal. The at least one rare earth metal being yttrium. An electrode having an electrode framework formed at least partially of at least one of the lead alloys, a lead-acid accumulator having the electrode are also described.

Embodiments of the present application disclose a battery repair method and apparatus, and relate to the battery field, so as to improve a battery repair effect. The method includes: determining, by a power system, a failure mode of a battery according to an abuse record of the battery or a performance parameter of the battery, where the abuse record includes a usage record of a situation in which a preset usage range of the performance parameter of the battery is exceeded, and the performance parameter of the battery is used to represent performance of the battery; determining, by the power system according to the failure mode of the battery, a power repair policy for repairing the battery; and repairing, by the power system, the battery according to a selected power repair policy. According to the method, a failing battery can be repaired.

Improved battery separators, batteries, and systems, as well as methods relating thereto are disclosed herein for use in various lead acid batteries such as valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries that include one or more AGM layers. The improved battery separators described herein may provide a battery system with an advantage of a significantly decreased acid filling time and a significantly increased acid filling speed. Various improved batteries, methods and systems are described herein using such improved battery separators that increase acid filling speed and decrease acid filling time for a VRLA battery.

A method of battery separator manufacture and method of use whereby an additive is deployed to mitigate the destructive process of volumetric depletion of electrolyte in a lead-acid battery (known as water loss). A set of techniques is disclosed herein for the application of chemically specific additives to address the deleterious effect to critical battery performance features brought about by the sustained reduction in battery electrolyte volume (water loss) over the battery service life.

Disclosed are electrode plates for a lead acid battery. The electrode plates are formed of an electrode plate having a face, the electrode plate comprising a lead or lead alloy grid coated with an active material and the electrode plates having a porous, non-woven mat comprised of polymer fibers coating on the face of the electrode plate, as well as a method for making the coated electrode plates and lead acid batteries containing the coated electrode plates.