A lead-acid battery includes an electrode plate assembly, a battery case, a positive electrode strap, a negative electrode strap, a positive electrode post, a negative electrode post, a cover, and an electrolyte solution. A negative electrode bushing provided in the cover and the negative electrode post together constitute a negative electrode terminal. A maximum value of a gap between an outer circumferential surface of the negative electrode post and an inner circumferential surface of the negative electrode bushing in the negative electrode terminal is 0.5 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less. A rib is provided in a lower part of the negative electrode bushing, and a minimum value of a protrusion height of the rib is 1.5 mm or more and 4.0 mm or less. A distance between a surface of the electrolyte solution and a lowermost portion of the negative electrode bushing is 15 mm or less.

A lead-acid battery includes an electrode plate assembly, a battery case, a positive electrode strap, a negative electrode strap, a positive electrode post, a negative electrode post, a cover, and an electrolyte solution. A negative electrode bushing provided in the cover and the negative electrode post together constitute a negative electrode terminal. A maximum value of a gap between an outer circumferential surface of the negative electrode post and an inner circumferential surface of the negative electrode bushing in the negative electrode terminal is 0.5 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less. A rib is provided in a lower part of the negative electrode bushing, and a minimum value of a protrusion height of the rib is 1.5 mm or more and 4.0 mm or less. A distance between a surface of the electrolyte solution and a lowermost portion of the negative electrode bushing is 15 mm or less.

A system for processing battery plates and arrangement thereof in the battery housing, including transportation apparatuses and individual processing stations, such as insertion stations, tin bath, and a lead casting station. The battery plates which are to be processed are arranged as plate stacks in a plurality of clamping cassettes which are equipped with the plate stacks arranged in a vertically oriented transportation apparatus which rotates in a circle. The plate stacks and the individual processing stations rotate in a vertically oriented circular movement and can be supplied to the clamping cassette which is positioned in the processing station.

A system for processing battery plates and arrangement thereof in the battery housing, including transportation apparatuses and individual processing stations, such as insertion stations, tin bath, and a lead casting station. The battery plates which are to be processed are arranged as plate stacks in a plurality of clamping cassettes which are equipped with the plate stacks arranged in a vertically oriented transportation apparatus which rotates in a circle. The plate stacks and the individual processing stations rotate in a vertically oriented circular movement and can be supplied to the clamping cassette which is positioned in the processing station.

Disclosed is a lithium-sulfur secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte solution, wherein the electrolyte solution contains a lithium salt and a solvent, the solvent includes a nitrile-based solvent, a fluorinated ether-based solvent, and a disulfide-based solvent in a specific volume ratio, and thus for the positive electrode that satisfies the specific conditions of high loading and low porosity, the initial discharging capacity and average discharging voltage of the lithium-sulfur secondary battery containing the electrolyte solution may be improved.

A battery assembly, such as a bipolar battery assembly, generally includes a first casing portion comprising an optically-absorbing region, and a second casing portion comprising an optically-transmissive region. The first and second features form a welded joint. Fabrication of such an assembly can include physically mating the first casing portion with the second casing portion, and irradiating, such as using a laser, the optically-absorbing region defining the first feature through the optically-transmissive region to form the welded joint.

New, improved or optimized battery separators, Z wrap separators, Z wrap serrated rib separators, Z wrap serrated rib separators for tubular batteries, components, cells, modules, systems, batteries, tubular batteries, industrial batteries, inverter batteries, batteries for heavy or light industrial applications, forklift batteries, float charged batteries, inverters, accumulators, methods, profiles, additives, compositions, composites, mixes, coatings, and/or related methods of Z wrapping separators, Z wrapping separators on electrodes of tubular batteries, water retention, water loss prevention, improved charge acceptance, production, use, and/or related Z wrapping equipment, and/or combinations thereof. More particularly, the present invention is directed to one or more improved battery separators having various improvements that may result in automated separator Z wrapping, automated Z wrapped cell module production, automated tubular battery production, decreased water loss for a battery in which such a separator is incorporated, enhanced charge acceptance, or combinations thereof. Additionally, the present invention relates to one or more improved battery separators having various improvements with regard to shape, and/or physical profile, and/or chemical(s), additives, mixes, coatings, and/or the like used to make such battery separators (such as oil(s), and/or chemical additive(s) or agents used to coat, finish or improve such battery separators (such as surfactant(s))). Furthermore, the present invention relates to one or more one or more improved separator configurations, Z wrap cell modules, Z wrap tubular electrodes or z wrap gauntlet covered tubular electrodes, and/or battery electrode and separator assembly configurations providing for automation, better acid mixing and/or reduced acid stratification over prior sleeves, pockets, or envelope separator configurations, improved battery electrode and separator assembly configurations and/or manufacturing methods and/or manufacturing equipment. The improved Z wrap battery separators of the instant invention are particularly useful in or with tubular batteries, industrial batteries, such as inverter batteries, batteries for heavy or light industry, and/or the like.

A machine and process for making a composite battery electrode with a conductive lead cast ribbon extending along and attached to a portion of a carbon fiber material. A lead ribbon may be continuously cast along a longitudinally elongate strip of carbon fiber material. The ribbon may be cast along an edge or edges of a longitudinally elongate strip of carbon fiber material.

A current collector plate assembly including a polygon-shaped electrically conductive substrate having a first surface and a second, opposing, surface, and at least three edges. A frame is coupled to regions of the first and second surfaces near the at least three edges of the substrate. A first cladding of a positive active materials layer covers an area of the first surface of the substrate. A second cladding of a negative active materials layer covers an area of the second surface of the substrate.

The present invention relates to a uni-electrogrid lead acid battery and process of making the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to uni-electro grid plate comprising a) tubular unielectro grid plate comprising of positive tubular grid plate and negative flat grid plate; or flat unielectrogrid plate comprising of positive flat grid plate and negative flat grid plate; b) non-conductive substrate comprising positive tubular grid with positive active material on its first side and negative flat grid with negative active material on its second side; or positive flat grid with positive active material on its first side and negative flat grid with negative active material on its second side; c) at least single in one side of the grid or multiple interconnectors placed between the positive and negative grid; and d) sealant. Also, it provides tubular unielectro grid plate or flat unielectrogrid plate and process for preparing the same.