The invention relates to a lead acid battery assembly comprising plurality of cells which are disposed within a housing and each cell having two electrodes namely positive plate and negative plate placed in a volume of an electrolyte in the housing. The cell formed comprises as per the invention at least one electrode plate prepared with a multilayered structure comprising a graphite composite material having higher electronic conductivity during charging and discharging of the battery assembly. The electrode plate structure formed is a three layered plate comprises a first base/substrate layer (100) made of electrically conductive material; a second transition layer (110) made of graphite composite material being adhered to the first base layer using an adhesive agent; and a third chemically active conductive layer (120) surrounding the second transition layer (110)

Disclosed is a lead acid battery including: a positive electrode; a negative electrode; a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and an electrolyte containing sulfuric acid. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material, and a negative electrode grid that supports the negative electrode active material. The negative electrode grid contains tin in an amount of 0.1 mass % or more and 0.8 mass % or less. The electrolyte contains aluminum ions at a concentration of 1 mmol/L or more and less than 10 mmol L, and sodium ions at a concentration of 15 mmol/L or less.

A battery assembly, such as a bipolar battery assembly, generally includes a first casing portion comprising an optically-absorbing region defining a first feature, and a second casing portion comprising an optically-transmissive region, the second casing portion defining a second feature, the second feature sized and shaped to mate with the first feature. The first and second features form a hermetic seal comprising a welded joint. Fabrication of such an assembly can include physically mating the first casing portion with the second casing portion, and irradiating, such as using a laser, the optically-absorbing region defining the first feature through the optically-transmissive region to form the welded joint. The first or second casing portions can include one or more casing segments that can support a battery plate, such as comprising a conductive substrate. A gasket or seal can be used such as to provide a further seal at or near a perimeter of the conductive substrate.

A multilayered electrode having a high discharge rate includes a current collector, a first electrode layer adjacent the current collector, and a second electrode layer adjacent the first electrode layer. Active material particles included in the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer have tailored electrochemical properties, which achieve a backfill lithiation profile. Active material particles in the first electrode layer have a greater average voltage potential with respect to lithium than active material particles in the second electrode layer. This configuration causes the first electrode layer to lithiate before the second electrode layer during discharge of an electrochemical cell including the electrode.

A multilayered electrode having a high discharge rate includes a current collector, a first electrode layer adjacent the current collector, and a second electrode layer adjacent the first electrode layer. Active material particles included in the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer have tailored electrochemical properties, which achieve a backfill lithiation profile. Active material particles in the first electrode layer have a greater average voltage potential with respect to lithium than active material particles in the second electrode layer. This configuration causes the first electrode layer to lithiate before the second electrode layer during discharge of an electrochemical cell including the electrode.

Embodiments of the invention generally relate to solid state battery structures, such as Li-ion batteries, methods of fabrication and tools for fabricating the batteries. One or more electrodes and the separator may each be cast using a green tape approach wherein a mixture of active material, conductive additive, polymer binder and/or solid electrolyte are molded or extruded in a roll to roll or segmented sheet/disk process to make green tape, green disks or green sheets. A method of fabricating a solid state battery may include: preparing and/or providing a green sheet of positive electrode material; preparing and/or providing a green sheet of separator material; laminating together the green sheet of positive electrode material and the green sheet of separator material to form a laminated green stack; and sintering the laminated green stack to form a sintered stack comprising a positive electrode and a separator.

Embodiments of the invention generally relate to solid state battery structures, such as Li-ion batteries, methods of fabrication and tools for fabricating the batteries. One or more electrodes and the separator may each be cast using a green tape approach wherein a mixture of active material, conductive additive, polymer binder and/or solid electrolyte are molded or extruded in a roll to roll or segmented sheet/disk process to make green tape, green disks or green sheets. A method of fabricating a solid state battery may include: preparing and/or providing a green sheet of positive electrode material; preparing and/or providing a green sheet of separator material; laminating together the green sheet of positive electrode material and the green sheet of separator material to form a laminated green stack; and sintering the laminated green stack to form a sintered stack comprising a positive electrode and a separator.

A bipolar storage battery includes cell members arranged with spacing in a stacked manner, each of the cell members including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte layer interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and space-forming members forming a plurality of spaces individually accommodating the plurality of cell members. A value obtained by dividing the distance between a positive active material layer and a negative active material layer placed in a position facing the positive active material layer by the sum of the thickness of the positive active material layer and the thickness of the negative active material layer is 1.1 or more. The bipolar storage battery may suppress local use of active material during charging and discharging to achieve uniform use of active material in a cell.

A bipolar storage battery includes cell members arranged with spacing in a stacked manner, each of the cell members including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte layer interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and space-forming members forming a plurality of spaces individually accommodating the plurality of cell members. A value obtained by dividing the distance between a positive active material layer and a negative active material layer placed in a position facing the positive active material layer by the sum of the thickness of the positive active material layer and the thickness of the negative active material layer is 1.1 or more. The bipolar storage battery may suppress local use of active material during charging and discharging to achieve uniform use of active material in a cell.

A bipolar storage battery includes cell members arranged with spacing in a stacked manner, each of the cell members including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and separators interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, space-forming members including a substrate that forms a plurality of spaces individually accommodating the plurality of cell members, and a frame body surrounding a side surface of the cell member. Each of the plurality of separators has a first surface and a second surface with different surface roughness, and a surface in contact with at least the positive active material layer is a surface having a smaller (finer) surface roughness than the first surface or the second surface. This configuration may suppress local use of active material during charging and discharging to achieve uniform use of active material in a cell.