Various systems and methods are presented in which lead acid batteries are serviced by removal, reconditioning, and refilling reconditioned battery paste into an assembly of typically bipolar electrodes that may be retained in a reusable housing and/or compression mechanism. Preferably, such batteries will include electrodes having a layer of a Magneli phase of a transition metal suboxide to so provide enhanced electrochemical and mechanical strength. and the battery paste may further include porous particles a Magneli phase of a transition metal suboxide to so provide enhanced electrolyte performance.

A wet cell battery, where a first cell in a wet-cell battery includes a set of anode electrodes and a set of cathode electrodes, and where electrically conductive debris accumulates on a surface inside the first cell to an expected height. An anode electrode in the set of anode electrodes has an anode end closest to the surface, and a cathode electrode in the set of cathode electrodes has a cathode end closest to the surface. A first gap distance between the anode end and the surface is different from a second gap distance between the cathode end and the surface. When the electrically conductive debris accumulates up to the expected height, the debris fails to make simultaneous electrical contact with the anode electrode and the cathode electrode due to the different gap distances.

An energy storage device is disclosed that in one embodiment is a rechargeable battery. The device includes a container within which is disposed battery plates, separators, and battery fluid. A mud well having mud rests is also disposed within the container. The separator can be formed as a pocket for insertion of a battery plate. The separator can include channel features sized to convey a gaseous byproduct of a charging event of the battery. In one form the mud rests define passages, such as an internally formed passage, that assist in the circulation of battery fluid.

Embodiments of the invention provide a lead-acid battery having a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator positioned between the electrodes to electrically insulate the electrodes. Battery includes a nonwoven fiber mat positioned adjacent an electrode. Mat includes a mixture of first glass fibers having diameters between 8 m to 13 m and second glass fibers having diameters of at least 6 m and a silane sizing. An acid resistant binder bonds the glass fibers to form mat. A wetting component is applied to increase the wettability such that mat exhibits an average water wick height of at least 1.0 cm after exposure to water for 10 minutes. A conductive material is disposed on a surface of mat such that when mat is adjacent an electrode, the conductive material contacts the electrode. An electrical resistance of less than 100,000 ohms per square enables electron flow about mat.

Embodiments of the invention provide a lead-acid battery having a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator positioned between the electrodes to electrically insulate the electrodes. Battery includes a nonwoven fiber mat positioned adjacent an electrode. Mat includes a mixture of first glass fibers having diameters between 8 m to 13 m and second glass fibers having diameters of at least 6 m and a silane sizing. An acid resistant binder bonds the glass fibers to form mat. A wetting component is applied to increase the wettability such that mat exhibits an average water wick height of at least 1.0 cm after exposure to water for 10 minutes. A conductive material is disposed on a surface of mat such that when mat is adjacent an electrode, the conductive material contacts the electrode. An electrical resistance of less than 100,000 ohms per square enables electron flow about mat.

Disclosed is use of an all-solid-state battery as a backup power source in at least one device selected from the group consisting of a computer, a laptop computer, a portable computer, a pocket computer, a workstation, a supercomputer, computer-peripheral hardware, and a server. This all-solid-state battery comprises a positive electrode layer comprising a positive-electrode active material that is an oriented polycrystalline body composed of lithium transition metal oxide grains oriented in a given direction; a solid electrolyte layer composed of a lithium-ion conductive material; and a negative electrode layer comprising a negative-electrode active material.

Electrical storage batteries and methods of making electrical storage batteries are disclosed. The electrodes (122) of the batteries each comprise a hollow core (124) of electrically conductive material which is sheathed in lead to protect the core from corrosion by the battery acid. Electrochemically active positive material or electrochemically active negative material (116) is cast onto the core. The hollow core permits fluid, gas or liquid, to be fed through the core to prevent excessive increases in battery temperature during charging and discharging.

A basket (10) contains and keeps in compression a plate group (100), that is, the set of positive and negative electrodes with interposed the relevant inter-electrode separators; said basket is made of plastic material, chemically resistant to the electrolytic environment of the battery and thermally resistant to the temperatures to which a battery is subjected, to be housed inside the monobloc of 12V lead acid batteries with VRLA AGM technology.

A basket (10) contains and keeps in compression a plate group (100), that is, the set of positive and negative electrodes with interposed the relevant inter-electrode separators; said basket is made of plastic material, chemically resistant to the electrolytic environment of the battery and thermally resistant to the temperatures to which a battery is subjected, to be housed inside the monobloc of 12V lead acid batteries with VRLA AGM technology.

A method for assembling a battery is described. The battery has a plurality of battery cells, a post assembly, a plurality of posts, and a plurality of straps. The method includes coupling each strap of the plurality of straps to one battery cell of the plurality of battery cells, coupling each post of the plurality of posts to one strap of the plurality of straps, where each one of the coupled posts is electrically coupled to one battery cell corresponding to the one strap, and performing an intercell coupling between at least a pair of battery cells of the plurality of battery cells by coupling a pair of posts of the plurality of posts.