The present application discloses s an electrochemical cell (battery) comprising a hydrogen storage negative electrode (anode), a positive electrode (cathode) and a solid proton-conducting electrolyte in contact with the electrodes. The solid proton-conducting electrolyte comprises a silicon material which comprises at least 35 at % silicon.

A battery cell structure, a system including the structure, and a method of fabricating the structure. The structure includes: a cell housing; a cathode in the cell housing, the cathode including a cathode material; a cathode current collector adjacent the cathode in the cell housing; an anode in the cell housing, the anode including an anode material; an anode current collector adjacent the anode in the cell housing; a separator in the cell housing between the cathode and the anode. The cathode material comprises a recycled material including a contaminant, and the battery cell structure further includes a solid-state electrolyte disposed in the cell housing to at least partially prevent the contaminant from growing.

Lithium-ion battery comprising at least one stack which comprises successively: a first electronic current collector, a first porous electrode made of a material selected from the group formed by Nb.sub.2?xM.sup.1.sub.xO.sub.5??M.sup.3.sub.?, Nb.sub.18?xM.sup.1.sub.xW.sub.16?yM.sup.2.sub.yO.sub.93??M.sup.3.sub.?, Nb.sub.16?xM.sup.1.sub.xW.sub.5?yM.sup.2.sub.yO.sub.55??M.sup.3.sub.?, Nb.sub.2O.sub.5?? with 0???2, Nb.sub.18W.sub.16O.sub.93?? with 0???2, Nb.sub.16W.sub.5O.sub.55?? with 0???2, Li.sub.4Ti.sub.5O.sub.12 and Li.sub.4Ti.sub.5?xM.sub.xO.sub.12 with M=V, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta and 0?x?0.25, a porous separator made of an electronically insulating inorganic material, a second porous electrode made of a phosphate or a lithium oxide, and a second electronic current collector, knowing that the electrolyte of said battery is a liquid charged with lithium ions confined in said porous layers, each of the three porous layers being free of binder and having a porosity comprised between 20% and 70% by volume.

Provided are bipolar batteries that include a stacked plurality of cells. Two or more of the cells include a cathode, an anode, a proton or hydroxide ion conducting polymer separator between the cathode and said anode, wherein in some aspects the separator includes or alone acts as a proton or hydroxide conducting electrolyte, and a bipolar metallic plate associated with the anode or the cathode. The cells optionally include and electrolyte that includes a polymer capable of conducting a proton or a hydroxide ion. The separator may in the form of a film and is optionally not bonded to either the anode or the cathode, or may be in the form of a coating on the anode, the cathode, or any combination thereof.

A laminated battery includes an electrode body and a laminate film that covers and seals the electrode body inside. The laminate film has a fused portion formed by superposing end portions of the laminate film and fusing together their inner surfaces. The fused portion has three or more bend portions including two or more fold portions that are bent in angular or arcuate shapes so as to have an angle of 90 or less and one distal end-side bend portion that is bent in an angular or arcuate shape so as to have an angle less than 180 in a position closest to a distal end of the fused portion. The fused portion has a shape in which at least part of the distal end faces the electrode body side.

An energy charge storage device, particularly from the group consisting of super capacitor, a hybrid electrochemical capacitor, a metal hydride battery and a fuel cell, comprising a first and second electrode and an electrolyte wherein the electrolyte comprises a printable polyelectrolyte e.g. polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSH). The present invention also refers to methods of obtaining such energy storage device.

Provided is a battery including a layered double hydroxide. The battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolytic solution being an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution, and a layered double hydroxide having a fundamental composition represented by the formula: M.sup.2+.sub.1xM.sup.3+.sub.x(OH).sub.2A.sup.n.sub.x/n.Math.mH.sub.2O where M.sup.2+ represents a divalent cation, M.sup.3+ represents a trivalent cation, A.sup.n represents an n-valent anion, n is an integer of 1 or more, x is 0.1 to 0.4, and m is any real number, the layered double hydroxide being in contact with the electrolytic solution, wherein a metal compound containing a metal corresponding to M.sup.2+ and/or M.sup.3+ is dissolved in the electrolytic solution such that erosion of the layered double hydroxide by the electrolytic solution is suppressed. The present invention provides a highly reliable battery such that the degradation of a layered double hydroxide (LDH) contained in the battery can be significantly reduced.

A nickel hydrogen secondary battery accommodates an electrode group including a positive electrode and a negative electrode which are stacked one on top of another through a separator, together with an alkaline electrolyte. The battery contains Li, with a total amount of Li in the battery 2 of 15 to 50 mg/Ah, as determined as the mass in terms of LiOH per Ah of the positive electrode capacity. The negative electrode includes particles of rare earth-MgNi-based hydrogen storage alloy which contains a rare earth element, Mg and Ni. The hydrogen storage alloy particles 44 includes, on the surface thereof, a rare earth hydroxide which is the hydroxide of a rare earth element and has a specific surface area of 0.1 to 0.5 m.sup.2/g.