Provided herein are energy storage devices. In some cases, the energy storage devices are capable of being transported on a vehicle and storing a large amount of energy. An energy storage device is provided comprising at least one liquid metal electrode, an energy storage capacity of at least about 1 MWh and a response time less than or equal to about 100 milliseconds (ms).

Provided herein are energy storage devices. In some cases, the energy storage devices are capable of being transported on a vehicle and storing a large amount of energy. An energy storage device is provided comprising at least one liquid metal electrode, an energy storage capacity of at least about 1 MWh and a response time less than or equal to about 100 milliseconds (ms).

The present disclosure discloses a high temperature cell system. The cell system may comprise at least two distinct cathode chambers. The cell system may further comprise a separator having a hollow structure enclosed between a first wall and a second wall, wherein the separator is configured to enable ion transfer between the first wall and the second wall. Further the hollow structure of the separator may define at least one anode chamber. The cell system may comprise a base configured to provide a common sealing to the at least two cathode chambers and the separator at one first end and second end respectively.

One or more aspects of the present disclosure provide methods for discharging spent batteries. The methods may include coating anode electrodes and cathode electrodes of the spent batteries with at least one catalyst layer. The catalyst layer may facilitate consistent and rapid discharge of the spent batteries. The spent batteries may be processed using an electrolyte solution to discharge the spent batteries. The electrolyte solution may include one or more suitable electrolytes that do not cause electrode corrosion during the discharge of the spent batteries. For example, the electrolytes may include a mixture of Na.sub.3PO.sub.4, water, co-solvent (e.g., ethylene glycol), and at least one surfactant, such as polyoxymethylene glycol octylphenol ethers, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, perfluorooctanesulfonate, etc.

Provided herein are energy storage devices. In some cases, the energy storage devices are capable of being transported on a vehicle and storing a large amount of energy. An energy storage device is provided comprising at least one liquid metal electrode, an energy storage capacity of at least about 1 MWh and a response time less than or equal to about 100 milliseconds (ms).

A high temperature Li-ion rechargeable battery capable of operating in the temperature range of 60 to 100 C. is disclosed. The Li-ion battery includes a cathode, an anode, an electrolyte in contact with the cathode and with the anode, and a separator positioned between the cathode and the anode and having the electrolyte to either side of the separator. The cathode includes one of LiFePO.sub.4 (LFP), a composition of LiNi.sub.xMn.sub.yCo.sub.zO.sub.2 (NMC), a composition of LiNi.sub.xCo.sub.yAl.sub.1-yO.sub.2 (NCA), and a composition of LiMn.sub.xNi.sub.2-xO.sub.4 (LMO/LMNO). The anode includes one of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO), graphite, Silicon, and a composite of silicon. The separator is one of polypropylene, quartz, and glass fiber. The electrolyte a Lithium salt and a solvent. The solvent is a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) with or without additives and/or diluents.

Provided herein are energy storage devices. In some cases, the energy storage devices are capable of being transported on a vehicle and storing a large amount of energy. An energy storage device is provided comprising at least one liquid metal electrode, an energy storage capacity of at least about 1 MWh and a response time less than or equal to about 100 milliseconds (ms).

The present invention relates to a molten metal battery of liquid bismuth and liquid tin electrodes and a eutectic electrolyte. The electrodes may be coaxial and coplanar. The eutectic electrolyte may be in contact with a surface of each electrode. The eutectic electrolyte may comprise ZnCl.sub.2:KCl.

The invention proposes a method and a device (110) for thermal-electrochemical energy storage and energy provision. The device (110) comprises: at least one thermal energy store (118), wherein the thermal energy store (118) comprises at least one heat transport medium (121) and at least one storage medium (119) selected from the group consisting of: an electromagnetic storage medium, a thermal storage medium; at least one heating device (134), wherein the heating device (134) is designed to receive the heat transport medium (121) from the thermal energy store (118), to heat this medium and return it to the thermal energy store (118); at least one electrochemical cell (146), wherein the electrochemical cell (146) comprises at least one gas chamber (148), wherein the electrochemical cell (146) further comprises at least one first electrode (150) and at least one second electrode (152): wherein the second electrode (152) is designed as a 3-phase electrode (154), wherein the 3-phase electrode (154) has at least one first phase boundary (156) to the gas chamber (148) and at least one second phase boundary (158) to the electrochemical storage medium (119); wherein the electrochemical cell (146) is designed to electrochemically react the electrochemical storage medium (119); and at least one container (160), wherein the container (160) is designed to receive a supply on the heat transport medium (119), wherein the container (160) is further designed to receive the thermal storage medium (119) from the thermal energy store (118).

A battery cell capable of self-priming with molten metal produced within the battery cell includes a cathode compartment configured to contain a catholyte that releases metal ions, an anode compartment at least partially containing an anode current collector that receives electrons from an external power supply, an ion-selective membrane positioned between the cathode compartment and the anode compartment and configured to selectively transport the metal ions from the cathode compartment to the anode compartment when self-priming the battery cell, and an electron transport structure extending between the anode current collector and the ion-selective membrane within the anode compartment and configured to transport the electrons from the anode current collector to the ion-selective membrane when self-priming the battery cell. Self-priming includes combining the electrons with the metal ions arriving at an interface between the electron transport structure and the ion-selective membrane to produce the molten metal within the anode compartment.