This invention allows supercapacitors to be optimized for discharge to systems that may have been designed for electrochemical batteries.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for energy-based vehicle analysis. A vehicle includes an energy storage unit that is configured to store energy. An energy attribute sensor measures one or more attributes of the energy storage unit. A vehicle attribute sensor measures one or more attributes of the vehicle. The energy storage unit is configured to power a propulsion mechanism of the vehicle. A control system with a processor and a memory estimates a capacity of the energy storage unit based on the one or more attributes of the energy storage unit. The control system estimates a range that the vehicle is capable of reaching using the propulsion mechanism based on the one or more attributes of the vehicle and the estimated capacity of the energy storage unit. The control system causes an output interface to output an indication of the estimated range.

An infusion pump assembly includes a reservoir assembly configured to contain an infusible fluid. A motor assembly is configured to act upon the reservoir assembly and dispense at least a portion of the infusible fluid contained within the reservoir assembly. Processing logic is configured to control the motor assembly. A primary power supply is configured to provide primary electrical energy to at least a portion of the processing logic. A backup power supply is configured to provide backup electrical energy to the at least a portion of the processing logic in the event that the primary power supply fails to provide the primary electrical energy to the at least a portion of the processing logic.

Energy storage structures and fabrication methods are provided. The method include: providing first and second conductive sheet portions separated by a permeable separator sheet, and defining, at least in part, outer walls of the energy storage structure, the first and second surface regions of the first and second conductive sheet portions including first and second electrodes facing first and second (opposite) surfaces of the permeable separator sheet; forming an electrolyte receiving chamber, defined, at least in part, by the first and second surface regions, including: bonding the first and second conductive sheet portions, and the permeable separator sheet together with at least one bonding border forming a bordering frame around at least a portion of the first and second electrodes; and providing an electrolyte within the electrolyte receiving chamber, including in contact with the first and second electrodes, with the electrolyte being capable of passing through the permeable separator sheet.

The present invention relates to a method for more efficiently performing a balancing operation for a plurality of battery cells of which charges are not equal, in a battery cell balancing circuit using an LC series resonant circuit. The method may include calculating balancing charge for all battery cells of which the charges are not equal, selecting the strongest battery cell storing the highest charge and the weakest battery cell corresponding to the strongest battery cell, among the entire battery cells, and performing a series of balancing operations.

An integrated energy storage device is provided that includes a supercapacitor and a battery surrounding the supercapacitor. The battery forms a shell around an exterior surface of the supercapacitor. The battery includes a first anode, a first cathode, and an electrolyte disposed between the first anode and the first cathode. The supercapacitor includes a second anode, a second cathode, and a separator disposed between the second anode and the second cathode.

According to an example, a plurality of battery modules may be dimensioned to fit within a form factor.

A method for using an integrated battery and device structure includes using two or more stacked electrochemical cells integrated with each other formed overlying a surface of a substrate. The two or more stacked electrochemical cells include related two or more different electrochemistries with one or more devices formed using one or more sequential deposition processes. The one or more devices are integrated with the two or more stacked electrochemical cells to form the integrated battery and device structure as a unified structure overlying the surface of the substrate. The one or more stacked electrochemical cells and the one or more devices are integrated as the unified structure using the one or more sequential deposition processes. The integrated battery and device structure is configured such that the two or more stacked electrochemical cells and one or more devices are in electrical, chemical, and thermal conduction with each other.

An interchange energy device for an electric vehicle enables an electric vehicle to be compatible with existing power lines such as overhead catenary system with little to no modification necessary to a modern electric vehicle. The interchangeable energy device has the same form factor as a battery pack, and is fully compatible with the drive system of the vehicle. The interchangeable device enables a battery pack to be swapped for an adapter to take advantage of existing power systems such as an overhead catenary system.

An object is to prevent deterioration of a battery or to prevent decrease in capacity in storage so as to maximize the charge and discharge performance of the battery and maintain the charge and discharge performance of the battery for a long time. A third electrode or a fourth electrode is provided between a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a secondary battery and a signal (current, voltage, or the like) for inhibiting self-discharge is applied to the third electrode or the fourth electrode, whereby a potential difference between the third electrode and the positive electrode or a potential difference between the third electrode and the negative electrode is adjusted and a chemical reaction in the secondary battery is controlled.