Methods of managing a lithium ion battery and of recovering branches and/or cells in the battery are provided, as well as battery management systems (BMS) and batteries implementing the methods. Branches and/or cells may be recovered by slow and deep discharging, followed by slow charging—to increase capacity, cycling lifetime and/or enhance safety thereof. BMSs may be configured to diagnose defective branches and/or cells and manage the recovery procedure with respect to changing operational loads the battery and the available internal and external charging sources.

A charging method for an electrochemical device includes the following steps: in a first cycle stage, a charging stage of the first cycle stage has a first cut-off current; and in a second cycle stage, a charging stage of the second cycle stage has a second cut-off current, and the second cut-off current is greater than the first cut-off current. According to the charging method for an electrochemical device, an electronic device, and a readable storage medium provided in the present application, the risk of cyclic gas generation of the electrochemical device can be effectively prevented, and the service life of the electrochemical device can be improved.

The present invention relates to a secondary battery. The secondary battery according to the present invention comprises an electrode assembly in which a positive electrode, a separator, and a negative electrode are alternately combined to be stacked; and a pouch that accommodates the electrode assembly therein. The separator comprises a first separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and having a through-hole penetrated in a direction that faces the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a second separator covering the through-hole of the first separator and having an end connected to the pouch. When an internal gas is generated due to overcharging, the pouch is expanded to allow the second separator to move to open the through-hole of the first separator to cause the positive electrode and the negative electrode to contact each other via the through-hole.

Disclosed are methods and systems for measuring and managing swelling of rechargeable batteries in situ. Some implementations involve using capacity fade or state of health of rechargeable batteries to estimate swelling of the rechargeable batteries. Some implementations provide methods and systems for measuring battery swelling based on inductive or capacitive coupling between sensors and the battery. Some implementations provide means to manage or reduce swelling of rechargeable batteries by applying adaptive charging with consideration of battery swelling.

In an embodiment, adaptive charging of a battery is disclosed. In an embodiment, a device is disclosed comprising: a battery; at least one sensor configured to sense an outward pressure exerted by the battery; a monitoring module configured to monitor the outward pressure of the battery and at least one of a temperature, an age, a manufacturer, a state of charge, an impedance, and number of charging cycles of the battery; a control module configured to select a charging profile for the battery based on at least one of the sensed and/or monitored battery related variables; and a charging module configured to charge the battery according to a charging profile selected by the control module.

A method monitors a battery cell. The method measures a first value corresponding to a pressure inside the battery cell; determines a second value on the basis of the first value, wherein the second value corresponds to a temperature of the battery cell; monitors the battery cell on the basis of the second value. It is possible to determine whether the battery cell is in a fault-free state or in a state which is faulty, in particular problematic, in particular critical.

Methods of forming an electrochemical cell using a non-inert gas are disclosed. Exemplary methods include providing a non-inert gas before and/or after at least one charge and/or discharge cycle. The non-inert gas can facilitate formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Further examples of the disclosure relate to methods of forming an electrochemical cell or portion thereof by electrospraying a solution including polymeric material. Such methods potentially eliminate a step of compressing the cell at a pressure beyond 100 MPa and prolong the cycle life while preventing a fire hazard.

A degradation-determination system includes at least four strain gauges that are installed on a principal surface of a lithium-ion battery and each of which is configured to detect pressure of a battery surface at a corresponding installation position, and a degradation determining unit configured to determine degradation of the lithium-ion battery based on measured values at the strain gauges. The degradation determining unit is configured to estimate a maximum expansion position where volume expansion is maximal in a region defined by the strain gauges, of the surface of the lithium-ion battery.

A battery cell includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separation film provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. A variation ratio of thickness of a battery cell before a pressurizing jig is disconnected and after the pressurizing jig is disconnected is equal to or less than 0.009, and the variation ratio of thickness of a battery cell is defied by a value generated by dividing a variation value of thickness that is a difference between the thickness of a battery cell after the pressurizing jig is disconnected and the thickness of a battery cell before the pressurizing jig is disconnected by the thickness of a battery cell before the pressurizing jig is disconnected.

An electronic apparatus includes a secondary battery, a deformation amount detector configured to detect a deformation amount of the secondary battery, a full charge detector configured to detect a full charge of the secondary battery, a stable state detector configured to detect a stable state after a full charge is detected by the full charge detector, and a state determination unit configured to determine a state of the secondary battery using the deformation amount detected by the deformation amount detector when the stable state is detected by the stable state detector.