Energy storage systems, battery cells, and batteries of the present technology may include an abatement system for addressing effluent vapors produced by a cell block. The systems may include support structures configured to address vented effluents, and may include oxidants, catalysts, or entrainment systems to assist with the abatement.

Apparatuses, methods, and systems are disclosed for inhibiting combustion. One system includes a battery and a combustion inhibiting device disposed adjacent to the battery. The combustion inhibiting device includes a material forming an enclosure. The material is configured to at least partially melt if a temperature of the material is greater than a threshold temperature. The combustion inhibiting device also includes an oxygen absorber sealed inside the enclosure to inhibit oxygen external to the combustion inhibiting device from contacting the oxygen absorber. In response to the material of the combustion inhibiting device at least partially melting, the oxygen absorber is configured to absorb oxygen external to the combustion inhibiting device to inhibit combustion.

A lithium ion battery is provided that includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. One or more of the separator, positive electrode, and negative electrode includes a transition metal compound capable of catalyzing any gaseous reactants formed in the lithium ion battery to form a liquid. The transition metal compound may include ruthenium (Ru). In certain variations, the lithium ion battery includes an electrolyte that is a conductive medium for lithium ions to move between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The electrolyte comprises a transition metal compound capable of catalyzing a reaction of any gaseous reactants to form a liquid.

Electrochemical cells with a protective film that is permeable to hydrogen, or that include a catalyst that facilitates formation of mobile hydrogen species, that promotes sequestration or gettering of hydrogen or oxygen, and/or that facilitates conversion of hydrogen or oxygen to H.sub.2O, are disclosed.

Energy storage devices, battery cells, and batteries of the present technology may include a first current collector and a second current collector. The batteries may include an anode material coupled with the first current collector. The batteries may include a cathode material coupled with the second current collector. The batteries may also include a separator positioned between the cathode material and the anode material. The batteries may include a hydrogen-scavenger material incorporated within the anode active material or the cathode active material. The hydrogen scavenger material may absorb or react with hydrogen at a temperature above or about 20 C.

A vent cap assembly for recombining water for a battery includes a cylindrical base having an upper portion and a lower portion. The lower portion configured to be inserted into a vent port. A cap encloses the cylindrical base. A catalyst component is received in the base configured to hydronate hydrogen and oxygen to water.

A recombinator for the catalytic recombination of hydrogen and oxygen generated in energy converters, in particular accumulators, to form water, comprising a housing in which a volume space is formed, into which the gases can flow via an opening and in which a recombination device is arranged that comprises a portion for a catalyst material and a portion for an absorption material, wherein the flow path of the gases to be recombined extends through the portion comprising the absorption material into the portion comprising the catalyst material, wherein a distance space is formed between the portion comprising the absorption material and the portion comprising the catalyst material, wherein the catalyst material is configured as a catalyst bar, the catalyst bar is arranged in a first gas-permeable tube and the distance space is formed in a gap space between the inner walling of the first gas-permeable tube and the outer wall of the catalyst bar.

Described herein are, inter alia, electrodes for use in energy storage devices, such as a cathode or anode in a battery. An electrode may include a substrate which serves as a reaction site that occur during electrochemical cycling of an energy storage device. In some embodiments, an electrode can undergo intercalation chemistry, conversion chemistry, plating-stripping/deposition-dissolution chemistry, or combinations thereof. A film and/or additive may be provided in an electrode in order to mitigate side reactions and/or electrochemical passivation reactions. An electrode may include one or more materials that (i) electrochemically reduce a portion of the electrolyte to a gas during electrochemical cycling, (ii) suppress generation of hydrogen gas by increasing a hydrogen evolution overpotential, (iii) constrain gas after formation, and/or (iv) catalyze oxidation of a gas back into an electrolyte. An electrode may include one or more electroactive materials in addition to a substrate.

A lithium ion battery includes an electrolyte maintained in a separator, the separator having two sides; a negative electrode of lithium titanate (Li.sub.4Ti.sub.5O.sub.12) disposed on one side of the separator; a negative current collector associated with the negative electrode; a positive electrode disposed on an opposite side of the separator; and a positive current collector associated with the positive electrode. The lithium ion battery further includes gas traps to trap gases in the battery, wherein the gas traps include titanium diboride (TiB.sub.2) nanotubes. A method includes providing the titanium diboride nanotubes, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, and/or graphene as gas traps in a lithium ion battery having a negative electrode of lithium titanate.

Provided is a catalyst part for a lead-acid battery, the catalyst part being capable of reducing gas release from an electrolyte solution and a decrease in electrolyte solution due to the leakage, thus providing a lead-acid battery having a long life. Also provided are a ventilation filter, a ventilation plug, and a lead-acid battery each including the catalyst part. A catalyst part for a lead-acid battery, including a catalyst layer including a catalyst to accelerate a reaction for generating water or water vapor from oxygen and hydrogen, and an arrangement through which at least part of the water or water vapor is condensed and/or flowed back to the inside of the battery.