This application provide a refrigerant thermal management module and a thermal management system. Components in the refrigerant thermal management module are centrally arranged, so that a pipeline connected between the components is shortened and a refrigerant flow resistance is reduced, improving working performance of a refrigerant loop. In addition, a platform-based design is implemented through modular design. In addition, a plate heat exchanger in the refrigerant loop is used to absorb heat from a coolant loop in a vehicle function module, to implement a function of cooling the vehicle function module; and a condenser in the refrigerant loop is used to release heat to the coolant loop of the vehicle function module, to implement a function of heating the vehicle function module. Regardless of whether the vehicle function module needs to be heated or cooled, refrigerant flows in the refrigerant thermal management module keep a same direction of circulation.

An example of a battery apparatus (10) is provided including: a housing (12) with a connection arrangement (24); a plurality of interoperable battery cartridges (36) removably fittable to the housing (12) to connect with the connection arrangement (24) to form a stack; at least one battery interface arrangement (17) adapted to be removably fitted to the housing (12) to connect with the connection arrangement (24) so as to be in communication with a selection of the plurality of interoperable battery cartridges (26) via the connection arrangement (24). Examples of battery cartridges (36), a system (5) including one or more battery apparatuses (10), and associated example methods are also disclosed.

A battery module with a reduced manufacturing cost, a battery pack, a vehicle and a method for manufacturing the battery pack. The battery module includes a plurality of battery cells standing in a first direction, and including a pair of electrode terminals disposed on top and arranged in at least one direction, a cooling frame having an upper surface to which a bottom of the plurality of battery cells is fixed, and extending in a second direction, an adhesive interposed between the plurality of battery cells and the cooling frame, and an upper frame configured to cover the plurality of battery cells.

A battery module with a reduced manufacturing cost, a battery pack, a vehicle and a method for manufacturing the battery pack. The battery module includes a plurality of battery cells standing in a first direction, and including a pair of electrode terminals disposed on top and arranged in at least one direction, a cooling frame having an upper surface to which a bottom of the plurality of battery cells is fixed, and extending in a second direction, an adhesive interposed between the plurality of battery cells and the cooling frame, and an upper frame configured to cover the plurality of battery cells.

A battery module includes: a battery cell stacked member in which a plurality of battery cells are stacked; a bus bar frame respectively connected to the front and rear surfaces of the battery cell stacked member; and a frame member accommodating the battery cell stacked member to which the bus bar frame is mounted, wherein one side of the bottom part of the frame member includes at least two step regions, at least two step regions are spaced apart in the same direction as the direction in which the battery cells are stacked, and the bus bar frame includes a support positioned to correspond to the step region.

A battery module includes: a battery cell stacked member in which a plurality of battery cells are stacked; a bus bar frame respectively connected to the front and rear surfaces of the battery cell stacked member; and a frame member accommodating the battery cell stacked member to which the bus bar frame is mounted, wherein one side of the bottom part of the frame member includes at least two step regions, at least two step regions are spaced apart in the same direction as the direction in which the battery cells are stacked, and the bus bar frame includes a support positioned to correspond to the step region.

A battery module with enhanced stability against fire and explosion. The battery module includes a cell assembly having a plurality of secondary batteries, a lower case having an open top and having an accommodation space, an upper case coupled to the lower case to cover the open top of the lower case and having a connection hole perforated to communicate with the accommodation space; an upper cover coupled to the upper case to cover an upper portion of the upper case and configured to form a buffer space spaced apart from the upper case, the upper cover having a discharge hole perforated so that the buffer space communicates with the outside; and at least one partition member extending in a horizontal direction inside the buffer space to form a moving passage extending from the connection hole to the discharge hole and configured to have an adjustable extension length.

A method of manufacturing adhered components includes a process of applying adhesive to application areas on a surface of a first component, a process of placing a second component above the first component, and a process of pressurizing the second component toward the first component. In the pressurization process, the load applied to a pressurizer changes while sequentially undergoing a curvilinear increase period in which the load increases in a curved line as the compression amount of the adhesive increases, and a rapid increase period in which the load increases in a polygonal line with respect to the trajectory of the load in the curvilinear increase period as the compression amount increases. During pressurization by the pressurizer, the load is detected by a load sensor, the rapid increase period is detected based on the detection value of the load sensor, and the pressurization is stopped during the rapid increase period.

A method of manufacturing adhered components includes a process of applying adhesive to application areas on a surface of a first component, a process of placing a second component above the first component, and a process of pressurizing the second component toward the first component. In the pressurization process, the load applied to a pressurizer changes while sequentially undergoing a curvilinear increase period in which the load increases in a curved line as the compression amount of the adhesive increases, and a rapid increase period in which the load increases in a polygonal line with respect to the trajectory of the load in the curvilinear increase period as the compression amount increases. During pressurization by the pressurizer, the load is detected by a load sensor, the rapid increase period is detected based on the detection value of the load sensor, and the pressurization is stopped during the rapid increase period.

The present invention relates to a battery pack having a cooling unit provided outside a pack case, and more particularly a battery pack including a battery module (100) including one or more unit cells; a case (200) having a receiving portion configured to receive the battery module (100); a cooling unit (300) located at an outer bottom surface of the case (200); and a reinforcement member (400) configured to protect the cooling unit (300).