A thermal management system includes a refrigeration circuit that cools at least a first coolant that circulates around a battery cooling loop. Refrigerant of the refrigeration circuit is cooled at a liquid-cooled condenser and at an air-cooled condenser. In certain examples, the liquid-cooled condenser is cooled by coolant circulating along a propeller arrangement cooling loop. In certain examples, the coolant from the propeller arrangement cooling loop may be combined with coolant from the battery cooling loop.

A temperature controlled enclosure that includes a temperature control device for controlling the temperature within an internal cavity of the temperature controlled enclosure. The temperature controlled enclosure also includes one or more charging ports for receiving and charging a battery pack. A controller within the temperature controlled enclosure controls the temperature within the internal cavity to a predetermined or desired temperature (e.g., 20° C.). When a battery pack is received in the one or more charging ports, the temperature of the battery pack can be determined. If, for example, the temperature of the battery pack is below 0° C., the battery pack is allowed to warm up inside the temperature controlled enclosure before the battery pack is charged.

A temperature controlled enclosure that includes a temperature control device for controlling the temperature within an internal cavity of the temperature controlled enclosure. The temperature controlled enclosure also includes one or more charging ports for receiving and charging a battery pack. A controller within the temperature controlled enclosure controls the temperature within the internal cavity to a predetermined or desired temperature (e.g., 20° C.). When a battery pack is received in the one or more charging ports, the temperature of the battery pack can be determined. If, for example, the temperature of the battery pack is below 0° C., the battery pack is allowed to warm up inside the temperature controlled enclosure before the battery pack is charged.

Operating a motor vehicle (1) by adjusting the temperature of one or more vehicle parts (3, 4). One method includes specifying (S2) an indication of an expected beginning-of-driving time (FBZ) of the motor vehicle (1) and a desired operating temperature (BT) of the one or more vehicle parts (3, 4); and waking up (S6) a controller (22), which is configured to control adjustment of the temperature of the respective vehicle part (3, 4), at a temperature-adjustment starting time (A2) which is chosen such that, if heating up or cooling down begins at the temperature-adjustment starting time (A2), the heating up or cooling down ends, by reaching the desired operating temperature (BT) of the corresponding vehicle part (3, 4), at a time which corresponds to the expected beginning-of-driving time (FBZ) or is just before the expected beginning-of-driving time (FBZ).

In one aspect, a thermal management system includes a first coolant circuit, through which a first coolant circulates, and including at least a radiator for cooling the first coolant, a storage containing one or more power electronics, a heat exchanger, and a thermostatic valve that outputs the first coolant to at least one of the storage containing the one or more power electronics and the heat exchanger. A second coolant circuit, through which a second coolant circulates, includes the heat exchanger configured to cool the second coolant using the first coolant, an energy storage unit cooled by the second coolant, and a refrigeration unit configured to cool the second coolant. A coolant temperature sensor outputs a temperature of the coolant in the second coolant circuit, and a controller controls at least the refrigeration unit based on the temperature of the coolant output by the coolant temperature sensor.

A vehicle includes an engine, an electric machine, a traction battery, and a controller. The controller, responsive to the vehicle not moving, a temperature of the traction battery being less than a temperature threshold, and a state-of-charge of the traction battery being greater than a state-of-charge threshold, rotates the engine via the electric machine powered by the traction battery while no fuel is supplied to the engine.

A vehicle includes an engine, an electric machine, a traction battery, and a controller. The controller, responsive to the vehicle not moving, a temperature of the traction battery being less than a temperature threshold, and a state-of-charge of the traction battery being greater than a state-of-charge threshold, rotates the engine via the electric machine powered by the traction battery while no fuel is supplied to the engine.

In general, the present disclosure is directed to forming lithium ion battery (LIB) cells with structure and chemistry that achieves formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer that allows for operating in relatively high ambient temperature environments, e.g., up to and exceeding 60° C., while significantly reducing self-discharge amounts, e.g., relative to other LIB cells formed with SEI layers measuring about 1-2 nanometers in thickness. For example, one non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure enables a self-discharge amount for a LIB cell of 10% or less over a four (4) week period of time when operating at an ambient temperature of 60 degrees Celsius.

In general, the present disclosure is directed to forming lithium ion battery (LIB) cells with structure and chemistry that achieves formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer that allows for operating in relatively high ambient temperature environments, e.g., up to and exceeding 60° C., while significantly reducing self-discharge amounts, e.g., relative to other LIB cells formed with SEI layers measuring about 1-2 nanometers in thickness. For example, one non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure enables a self-discharge amount for a LIB cell of 10% or less over a four (4) week period of time when operating at an ambient temperature of 60 degrees Celsius.

A method and system for preventing battery thermal runaway are provided. The method includes: detecting or predicting whether there is a thermal runaway risk for each battery cell or battery module of a battery pack; and in response to detecting or predicting that there is a thermal runaway risk for at least one battery cell or battery module of the battery pack, transferring battery energy of the at least one battery cell or battery module to the battery pack or another battery pack as thermal energy or electric energy.