Provided herein are energy storage devices. In some cases, the energy storage devices are capable of being transported on a vehicle and storing a large amount of energy. An energy storage device is provided comprising at least one liquid metal electrode, an energy storage capacity of at least about 1 MWh and a response time less than or equal to about 100 milliseconds (ms).

A system for increasing a temperature of a battery includes: an inverter comprising a plurality of legs corresponding to a plurality of phases, respectively, wherein each of the legs comprises a pair of switching elements connected in series to both terminals of the battery, respectively; a motor comprising a plurality of coils corresponding to the plurality of phases, respectively, wherein each of the plurality of coils has one end connected to a connection node between the pair of switching elements included in each leg of the inverter, each leg corresponding to each of the plurality of coils, and other ends of plurality of coils are connected to each other; and a controller generating a battery application AC current applied to the battery by controlling on and off states of the pair of switching elements included in the legs of the inverter.

Embodiments that provide advanced charging of energy source arrangements for energy storage applications are disclosed. The embodiments can be used within energy storage systems having a cascaded arrangement of converter modules. The embodiments can include the application of pulses to an energy source of each module of the system. The pulses can be applied for charging and preheating purposes. Feedback based pulse control embodiments are also disclosed.

The system can include an on-board thermal management subsystem. The system 100 can optionally include an off-board (extravehicular) infrastructure subsystem. The on-board thermal management subsystem can include: a battery pack, one or more fluid loops, and an air manifold. The system 100 can additionally or alternatively include any other suitable components.

The system can include an on-board thermal management subsystem. The system 100 can optionally include an off-board (extravehicular) infrastructure subsystem. The on-board thermal management subsystem can include: a battery pack, one or more fluid loops, and an air manifold. The system 100 can additionally or alternatively include any other suitable components.

An energy storage system and a thermal management method therefor are provided. The method is performed by a smart battery thermal management unit in the energy storage system. In the method, a charging-discharging current in a next preset time period, a current parameter of a battery cell, a predicted ambient temperature in the next preset time period, and a refrigerant returning temperature are acquired. A heat dissipation strategy with minimum total power consumption in the next preset time period is determined based on the charging-discharging current, the current parameter of the battery cell, the predicted ambient temperature, the refrigerant returning temperature and power consumption of the cooling system. The cooling system is controlled based on the heat dissipation strategy with minimum total power consumption, to cool the energy storage system.

A storage battery that is less likely to be affected by the ambient temperature is provided. A storage battery that can be charged and discharged at low temperatures is provided. In the storage battery, a secondary battery that can be charged and discharged at low temperatures is provided adjacent to a general secondary battery. The storage battery having such a structure can use, as an internal heat source in a low temperature environment, heat generated by charging and discharging of the secondary battery that can be charged and discharged at low temperatures. Specifically, the storage battery includes a first lithium-ion secondary battery and a second lithium-ion secondary battery adjacent to each other. The first lithium-ion secondary battery contains at least one of an ionic liquid, a molecular crystalline electrolyte, a semi-solid-state electrolyte, an all-solid-state electrolyte, and lithium titanate. The second lithium-ion secondary battery contains an organic electrolyte solution.

The embodiments of the present application provide a current modulation module, a parameter determination module, a battery heating system, as well as a control method and a control device thereof, and relate to the field of battery. The control method includes determining a state of charge (SOC), of the battery, modulating a first current flowing into windings of a motor into an alternating current when the SOC is greater than a first SOC threshold, so as to use heat generated by the alternating current in a first target module to heat the battery, and modulating a second current flowing into the windings of the motor into a direct current when the SOC is less than or equal to the first SOC threshold, so as to use heat generated by the direct current in a second target module to heat the battery.

According to one embodiment, a battery cooling system includes a battery module with cells, liquid pumps, and a heat exchanger. A method, in response to the battery module discharging battery energy, sets a first liquid pump that is configured to push a first liquid coolant warmed by heat generated by the cells into a hot side of the heat exchanger to a first pump speed, and sets a second liquid pump that is configured to push a second liquid coolant into a cold side of the heat exchanger to a second pump speed. The method determines at least one of an adjusted first and second pump speeds by optimizing an objective function based on the first and second pump speeds, a battery discharge current, and a temperature of the second liquid coolant. The objective function is to minimize the power consumption of the system's cooling components which are the first and the second pumps according to one embodiment. The method modifies at least one of the first and second pump speeds according to the adjusted speeds.

According to one embodiment, a battery cooling system includes a battery module with cells, liquid pumps, and a heat exchanger. A method, in response to the battery module discharging battery energy, sets a first liquid pump that is configured to push a first liquid coolant warmed by heat generated by the cells into a hot side of the heat exchanger to a first pump speed, and sets a second liquid pump that is configured to push a second liquid coolant into a cold side of the heat exchanger to a second pump speed. The method determines at least one of an adjusted first and second pump speeds by optimizing an objective function based on the first and second pump speeds, a battery discharge current, and a temperature of the second liquid coolant. The objective function is to minimize the power consumption of the system's cooling components which are the first and the second pumps according to one embodiment. The method modifies at least one of the first and second pump speeds according to the adjusted speeds.