A method and apparatus for determining and/or monitoring a thermal state of charge or melt fraction of phase change material in a battery system. The battery system includes a plurality of electrochemical cell elements, a supply of a phase change material in thermal contact with the plurality of electrochemical cell elements, and a battery management system that monitors a thermal storage capacity of the phase change material and automatically controls a power of the plurality of electrochemical cell elements as a function of the thermal storage capacity of the phase change material. The battery management system automatically adjusts a power output of the plurality of electrochemical cell elements as a function of the thermal storage capacity of the phase change material to provide a heat output within a predetermined safe temperature limit.

A filling member to be interposed between pouch cells of a battery pack, the filling member having a first surface orthogonal to a thickness direction thereof and a second surface opposite to the first surface, wherein θ.sub.d1 and θ.sub.d2 defined below satisfy formulas (1) and (2) below, respectively, wherein θ.sub.p satisfies formula (3) below, and wherein θ.sub.d1>θ.sub.d2 holds:

θ.sub.d1≥3.0×10.sup.−3 (m.sup.2.Math.K)/W,  (1)

θ.sub.d2≤8.0×10.sup.−3 (m.sup.2.Math.K)/W,  (2)

0.5 K/W≤θ.sub.p1≤1000 K/W,  (3)

0.5 K/W≤θ.sub.p2≤1000 K/W,  (4) θ.sub.d1: a heat transfer resistance per unit area in the thickness direction when the average temperature of one of the first and second surfaces exceeds 180° C., θ.sub.d2: a heat transfer resistance per unit area in the thickness direction when the average temperatures of the first and second surfaces both do not exceed 80° C., θ.sub.p1: a heat transfer resistance in a plane direction when the average temperature of one of the first and second surfaces exceeds 180° C., θ.sub.p2: a heat transfer resistance in the plane direction when the average temperatures of the first and second surfaces both do not exceed 80° C.

The present disclosure provides a battery module and a battery pack. The battery pack comprises a box and a battery module, the battery module is accommodated in the box. The battery module comprises batteries sequentially arranged in a first direction. The battery comprises an electrode assembly, a case and a cap assembly, the electrode assembly is received in the case, and the cap assembly is connected with the case. The case comprises two first side walls, and the two first side walls are respectively positioned at two sides of the electrode assembly in the first direction. The first side walls of two adjacent batteries face each other. An area of the first side wall is defined as S.sub.1, a distance between the electrode assemblies of two adjacent batteries in the first direction is defined as D, S.sub.1 and D satisfying a relationship: 1.2×10.sup.−5 mm.sup.−1≤D/S.sub.1≤500×10.sup.−5 mm.sup.−1.

Provided is an immersion cooling system, and more particularly, an immersion cooling system which may more efficiently manage a temperature of a battery. The immersion cooling system may increase a heat exchange area and solve a problem of a high temperature of a cell core by positioning a plurality of cooling paths through each of which a cooling fluid flows in surface pressure pads stacked on each other between battery cells.

Provided is an immersion cooling system, and more particularly, an immersion cooling system which may more efficiently manage a temperature of a battery. The immersion cooling system may increase a heat exchange area and solve a problem of a high temperature of a cell core by positioning a plurality of cooling paths through each of which a cooling fluid flows in surface pressure pads stacked on each other between battery cells.

A battery management system comprises: a circuit path electrically coupling a battery and a load; a backup storage device; a first switch connecting the battery and the backup storage device; a second switch connecting the backup storage device and the load; a sensor for measuring a temperature of the battery; and a controller in electrical communication with the first switch, the second switch, and the sensor. The controller executes a program to: (i) activate the first switch to connect the battery and the backup storage device for charging the backup storage device for a charging period of time with power provided by the battery based on the temperature of the battery meeting a threshold, and (ii) activate the second switch to connect the backup storage device and the load for providing power to the load from the backup storage device after the charging period of time has expired.

A battery management system comprises: a circuit path electrically coupling a battery and a load; a backup storage device; a first switch connecting the battery and the backup storage device; a second switch connecting the backup storage device and the load; a sensor for measuring a temperature of the battery; and a controller in electrical communication with the first switch, the second switch, and the sensor. The controller executes a program to: (i) activate the first switch to connect the battery and the backup storage device for charging the backup storage device for a charging period of time with power provided by the battery based on the temperature of the battery meeting a threshold, and (ii) activate the second switch to connect the backup storage device and the load for providing power to the load from the backup storage device after the charging period of time has expired.

A thermally conductive sheet 10 for a sealing product is configured to be disposed between a heat generating electrical or electronic component and a heat-dissipating case. The sheet has a Shore 00 hardness of 5 or more and 55 or less. The sheet is in the form of a frame having a space 11 in the frame. The space is configured to be filled with a thermally conductive liquid composition. In the heat generating electrical or electronic component of the present invention, the thermally conductive sheet 11 is attached between the component and the case. The space 11 being defined by the component, the case, and the thermally conductive sheet 10 is filled with the thermally conductive liquid composition. Thus, provided is a thermally conductive sheet for a sealing product that can prevent a thermally conductive liquid from leaking out even when the liquid is directly injected into a space between a heat generating electrical or electronic component such as a battery module and a case, that has a level of flexibility that puts no load on the heat generating electrical or electronic component, and that provides high adhesion between the component and the case. Also provided is a heat generating electrical or electronic component including the sheet.

A secondary battery may include a cell body member accommodating an electrode assembly therein; and a heat conductive member disposed between the cell body member and a cooling plate member to form a heat path for transferring heat from the cell body member, wherein the heat conductive member is in contact with the cooling plate member, and wherein a contact area of the cooling plate member and the heat conductive member is smaller than a cross-sectional area of the cell body member parallel to a thickness direction of the electrode assembly.

Provided is a rechargeable battery system comprising at least a battery cell and an external cooling means, wherein the battery cell comprises an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode, a protective housing that at least partially encloses the anode, the cathode and the electrolyte, and at least one heat-spreader element disposed partially or entirely inside the protective housing and wherein the external cooling means is in thermal contact with the heat spreader element configured to enable transporting internal heat of the battery through the heat spreader element to the external cooling means. Also provided is a method of operating a rechargeable battery system, the method comprising implementing a heat spreader element in one or each of a plurality of battery cells and bringing the heat spreader element in thermal contact with one or a plurality of external cooling means.