A flame-resistant composite separator for use in a lithium battery, wherein the composite separator comprises at least a first layer and a second layer laminated together, wherein: (A) the first layer comprises a layer of inorganic solid electrolyte (e.g., a sintered solid structure) or a layer of polymer composite comprising 60%-99% by volume of inorganic material particles, inorganic material fibers, and/or polymer fibers dispersed in or bonded by a first polymer; and (B) the second layer comprises a second polymer and from 0.1% to 50% by weight of a lithium salt dispersed in the second polymer; wherein the first layer and the second layer each has a thickness from 20 nm to 100 μm and a lithium-ion conductivity from 10.sup.−8 S/cm to 5×10.sup.−2 S/cm at room temperature.

A flame-resistant composite separator for use in a lithium battery, wherein the composite separator comprises at least a first layer and a second layer laminated together, wherein: (A) the first layer comprises a layer of inorganic solid electrolyte (e.g., a sintered solid structure) or a layer of polymer composite comprising 60%-99% by volume of inorganic material particles, inorganic material fibers, and/or polymer fibers dispersed in or bonded by a first polymer; and (B) the second layer comprises a second polymer and from 0.1% to 50% by weight of a lithium salt dispersed in the second polymer; wherein the first layer and the second layer each has a thickness from 20 nm to 100 μm and a lithium-ion conductivity from 10.sup.−8 S/cm to 5×10.sup.−2 S/cm at room temperature.

There is provided an air battery including a first housings accommodating a base cell including a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a separator disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, and a second housing containing an electrolyte solution or water, in which the first housing and the negative electrode each have a hole leading to the separator, the second housing has a hole that is capable of being sealed, and the first housing and the second housing are disposed to face the hole of the first housing and the hole of the second housing each other.

The disclosure provides a flexible and rechargeable battery unit that is configured to a free-form shape, and/or configured to include uneven thickness, thereby providing multi-axial coverage and/or enhanced bendability and storage capacity. The battery unit and method for fabricating the battery unit includes cathode and anode substrates configured in a free-form shape, a separator layer made from a nanofiber material for enclosing either the cathode substrate or the anode substrate to form an enclosed cathode substrate or enclose anode substrate, with the enclosed cathode substrate being overlapped with the anode substrate, or the enclosed anode substrate being overlapped with the cathode substrate to form a stacked battery structure, which can be further configured to form a notched battery structure. The stacked battery structure or the notched battery structure, which can be expanded, is subsequently injected with an electrolyte and closed using a packaging layer to form a battery pouch structure.

The disclosure provides a flexible and rechargeable battery unit that is configured to a free-form shape, and/or configured to include uneven thickness, thereby providing multi-axial coverage and/or enhanced bendability and storage capacity. The battery unit and method for fabricating the battery unit includes cathode and anode substrates configured in a free-form shape, a separator layer made from a nanofiber material for enclosing either the cathode substrate or the anode substrate to form an enclosed cathode substrate or enclose anode substrate, with the enclosed cathode substrate being overlapped with the anode substrate, or the enclosed anode substrate being overlapped with the cathode substrate to form a stacked battery structure, which can be further configured to form a notched battery structure. The stacked battery structure or the notched battery structure, which can be expanded, is subsequently injected with an electrolyte and closed using a packaging layer to form a battery pouch structure.

Disclosed is a method for producing polymer-encapsulated Li.sub.2S.sub.x (where 1≤x≤2) nanoparticles. The method comprises the step of forming a mixture of a polymer and sulfur. The method further comprises vulcanizing the mixture at a vulcanization temperature attained at a heating rate, in a vulcanization atmosphere, and electrochemically reducing a vulcanized product at a reduction potential. Also disclosed is a method for producing a battery component, the component comprising a cathode and a separator.

A separator for a battery formed from a polymer gel electrolyte that is disposed within the pores of a polymer mesh. The polymer gel electrolyte is formed from a crosslinked ion-conducting polymer and an ionic liquid. The separator is formed from a gel loaded with an electrolyte, which prevents issue with electrolyte leakage. The polymer mesh provides stability to the polymer gel electrolyte, allowing for use of thin films of the polymer gel electrolyte and use of soft polymer gel electrolytes.

A separator for a battery formed from a polymer gel electrolyte that is disposed within the pores of a polymer mesh. The polymer gel electrolyte is formed from a crosslinked ion-conducting polymer and an ionic liquid. The separator is formed from a gel loaded with an electrolyte, which prevents issue with electrolyte leakage. The polymer mesh provides stability to the polymer gel electrolyte, allowing for use of thin films of the polymer gel electrolyte and use of soft polymer gel electrolytes.

An object is to provide a battery-separator nonwoven fabric and a battery separator that are excellent in heat resistance, have a small pore diameter, and have a high tensile elongation and a high thrust strength, and a solution is to configure a battery-separator nonwoven fabric with a fiber A including a nanofiber having a fiber diameter of 100 to 1000 nm, a fiber B including a thermal adhesive ultrafine fiber having a fiber diameter of 100 to 2000 nm, and a fiber C including a thermal adhesive fiber having a single fiber fineness of 0.1 dtex or more, in which a tensile elongation of the nonwoven fabric is 10% or more.

An object is to provide a battery-separator nonwoven fabric and a battery separator that are excellent in heat resistance, have a small pore diameter, and have a high tensile elongation and a high thrust strength, and a solution is to configure a battery-separator nonwoven fabric with a fiber A including a nanofiber having a fiber diameter of 100 to 1000 nm, a fiber B including a thermal adhesive ultrafine fiber having a fiber diameter of 100 to 2000 nm, and a fiber C including a thermal adhesive fiber having a single fiber fineness of 0.1 dtex or more, in which a tensile elongation of the nonwoven fabric is 10% or more.