The present disclosure relates to antioxidant for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell electrode catalyst, which includes cerium hydrogen phosphate (HCe.sub.2(PO.sub.4).sub.3(H.sub.2O)) in the form of a nanofiber, and an electrode and a membrane-electrode assembly including the same. The electrode for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell of the present disclosure, wherein the antioxidant is dispersed, can improve the mechanical strength of an electrode catalyst layer and can minimize deterioration of chemical durability even after long-term operation. And, a fuel cell including the same can exhibit high output performance and can operate stably even after long-term operation.

Presently described is a monomer having the formula:

##STR00001##

wherein n ranges from 2 to 8; Y is F or C.sub.mF.sub.2m+1; a is 0, or averages 1 to 2; m is independently 1, 2, 3, or 4; and X is F or OH.

Also described is a method of making such monomer, various compounds prepared during while making the monomer, fluoropolymers comprising polymerized units of such monomer, fuel cell membranes, membrane electrode assemblies, and methods of making fluoropolymers.

The present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a polymer electrolyte membrane, the method comprising the steps of (a) preparing a porous support containing a plurality of pores, (b) preparing an ion conductor dispersion solution by dispersing an ion conductor in a dispersion medium, (c) contacting the dispersion medium with the porous support to wet the dispersion medium on the porous support, and (d) introducing the ion conductor to at least one surface of the porous support by applying the ion conductor dispersion solution to the porous support wetted with the dispersion medium, and a polymer electrolyte membrane manufactured thereby.

The present invention provides a gel-like electrolyte having excellent electrolyte solution retention ability. The resin composition contains an electrolyte composition containing a solvent and an electrolyte and a vinylidene fluoride copolymer. The vinylidene fluoride copolymer is a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and a comonomer represented by Formula (1) below, wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbons, and R.sup.4 is a basic group that is capable of forming an intermolecular hydrogen bond. ##STR00001##

A gellable system is suitable for use in lithium-air batteries, organic supercapacitors or capacitor batteries. The organic supercapacitors or capacitor batteries comprise a gel electrolytes and/or a solid electrolytes, which are prepared from a gellable system comprising the following components: (a) lithium salts and (b) ether compounds; the gellable system for lithium-air batteries also comprises (c) electrolytes or their solvents used in lithium-air batteries; in the system, the mass fraction of the gellable polymers and/or the gellable prepolymers is less than or equal to 1 wt %; by adjusting the composition and type of each component in the system, the gel and/or solid electrolytes, having adjustable strength, formation time, transition temperature, and also reversibility, can be prepared; the preparation method has simple procedure, mild reaction conditions, short reaction period, high yield, low manufacture cost, which makes it easy to realize industrialized production.

An electrolyte membrane is described that has improved bondability with a catalyst layer and that achieves good power generation performance, without the electrolyte membrane undergoing a physical treatment and without any loss of surface modification effect, where the electrolyte membrane comprises a polymer electrolyte and a nonionic fluorochemical surfactant.

A metal battery, such as a lithium battery, includes an anode, an anode current collector in electrical contact with the anode, a cathode, a cathode current collector in electrical contact with the cathode, a separator disposed between the anode and cathode, a liquid electrolyte, and an anode protection structure. The anode protection structure includes an anode protection layer disposed between the anode and the separator. The anode protection layer includes a matrix and domains within the matrix. One of the matrix and domains contains a first material and the other of the matrix and domains contains a second material. The first material is less permeable by the electrolyte than the second material.

A process for preparing a solid electrolyte or a composite electrode incorporating a solid electrolyte, configured for an electrochemical system, may involve: (i) synthesizing, in a solvent medium, at least one (co)polymer by ring-opening (co)polymerization (ROP) of at least one 5-8-membered cyclic carbonate and, optionally, of at least one 5-8-membered lactone, catalyzed by Brønsted superacid(s) and initiated by compound(s) comprising hydroxide group(s); (ii) adding to the reaction medium a sufficient amount of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydride, e.g., LiH, to neutralize all the catalyst and obtain an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt and to protect the terminal hydroxyl group(s) of the (co)polymer(s); (iii) optionally adding to the mixture from (ii) salt(s) of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, e.g., a lithium salt; and (iv) forming a solid electrolyte by evaporation of the solvent medium or a composite electrode incorporating the solid electrolyte.

The present disclosure relates to a polymer electrolyte membrane comprising a polymer membrane containing an ion conductor, and a plurality of composite fibers, wherein the composite fiber comprises a core portion continuously formed in the longitudinal direction of the composite fiber and a matrix portion surrounding the core portion, and the core portion contains an ion exchange functional group.

Disclosed is a method of producing an antioxidant that has excellent antioxidant ability and is well dispersed when applied to a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA). The method includes a step of preparing a powder including reduced metal oxide and a step of mixing the powder with a powdery ionomer to obtain an antioxidant in which the ionomer is bound to the surface of the reduced metal oxide.