A compact transmitting antenna includes a vacuum tube, a charged particle beam gun, a beam timing controller, and a beam speed controller. The charged particle beam gun is positioned for producing a beam of finite length of electrons or ions within the vacuum tube that moves within the vacuum tube at a controlled speed to generate an electromagnetic wave. The beam timing controller is arranged to control at least an on time and an off time of the beam. The beam speed controller is arranged to control speed of the beam within the vacuum tube. A frequency modulator is provided by the compact transmitting antenna, arranged to modulate the beam for carrying voice or data signals to transmit information from the compact transmitting antenna.

A compact transmitting antenna includes a vacuum tube, a charged particle beam gun, a beam timing controller, and a beam speed controller. The charged particle beam gun is positioned for producing a beam of finite length of electrons or ions within the vacuum tube that moves within the vacuum tube at a controlled speed to generate an electromagnetic wave. The beam timing controller is arranged to control at least an on time and an off time of the beam. The beam speed controller is arranged to control speed of the beam within the vacuum tube. A frequency modulator is provided by the compact transmitting antenna, arranged to modulate the beam for carrying voice or data signals to transmit information from the compact transmitting antenna.

A transmitting antenna includes a first and a second vacuum tube. Each respective vacuum tube includes at least a grounded cathode, a control grid that receives a respective a respective signal, and a plate electron collector. A first spherical ball is connected by a first conducting wire to the plate electron collector of the first vacuum tube. A second spherical ball connected by a second conducting wire to the plate electron collector of the second vacuum tube. Output of the transmitting antenna is produced by an electromagnetic wave that is radiated from conduction current in each of the first and second conducting wires. In another aspect of the invention, first and second spherical balls are connected by conducting wires to the collectors of respective charged particle beam vacuum tubes in which a charged particle beam gun produces a beam of finite length of electrons or ions within the vacuum tube that moves within the vacuum tube at a controlled speed to generate an electromagnetic wave.

A transmitting antenna includes a first and a second vacuum tube. Each respective vacuum tube includes at least a grounded cathode, a control grid that receives a respective a respective signal, and a plate electron collector. A first spherical ball is connected by a first conducting wire to the plate electron collector of the first vacuum tube. A second spherical ball connected by a second conducting wire to the plate electron collector of the second vacuum tube. Output of the transmitting antenna is produced by an electromagnetic wave that is radiated from conduction current in each of the first and second conducting wires. In another aspect of the invention, first and second spherical balls are connected by conducting wires to the collectors of respective charged particle beam vacuum tubes in which a charged particle beam gun produces a beam of finite length of electrons or ions within the vacuum tube that moves within the vacuum tube at a controlled speed to generate an electromagnetic wave.

A sealed case (6) includes a first electrode (4) and a second electrode (5). The maximum size of each of these electrodes and a distance between them are equal to or smaller than one tenth the wavelength of a signal of interest. The sealed case (6) is configured such that the internal gas becomes a plasma state. The second electrode (5) is connected to a first conductor (1), and the first electrode (4) is connected to a second conductor (2) disposed to be perpendicular to the first conductor (1).

According to the present invention, provided is an inductively coupled plasma reactor including: a reaction chamber configured to provide a plasma reaction space; a ferrite core arranged to surround the plasma reaction space; and an antenna coil formed by winding a strip-shaped wire structure on the ferrite core, wherein the wire structure includes a plurality of electrically conductive wires and a covering made of a flexible material and configured to surround the plurality of electrically conductive wires.

According to the present invention, provided is an inductively coupled plasma reactor including: a reaction chamber configured to provide a plasma reaction space; a ferrite core arranged to surround the plasma reaction space; and an antenna coil formed by winding a strip-shaped wire structure on the ferrite core, wherein the wire structure includes a plurality of electrically conductive wires and a covering made of a flexible material and configured to surround the plurality of electrically conductive wires.

A starting aid for discharge lamp arc tubes is characterized by an arc tube having a tubular body wall that longitudinally extends between first and second ends and surrounding an internal arc cavity with first and second electrodes that have conductive feedthroughs to electrically connect to corresponding first and second external arctube leads; an antenna conductor extending longitudinally on an outside surface of the arc tube wall between first and second antenna ends that are located radially outward of corresponding first and second electrodes; and an antenna coupling member comprising a conductive coupling connector that is electrically connected to the first arctube lead, and extends to a coupling end located on the body wall near to the first antenna end and separated from it by a coupling gap of predetermined, non-zero gap dimension.

A starting aid for discharge lamp arc tubes is characterized by an arc tube having a tubular body wall that longitudinally extends between first and second ends and surrounding an internal arc cavity with first and second electrodes that have conductive feedthroughs to electrically connect to corresponding first and second external arctube leads; an antenna conductor extending longitudinally on an outside surface of the arc tube wall between first and second antenna ends that are located radially outward of corresponding first and second electrodes; and an antenna coupling member comprising a conductive coupling connector that is electrically connected to the first arctube lead, and extends to a coupling end located on the body wall near to the first antenna end and separated from it by a coupling gap of predetermined, non-zero gap dimension.

A starting aid for discharge lamp arc tubes is characterized by an arc tube having a tubular body wall that longitudinally extends between first and second ends and surrounding an internal arc cavity with first and second electrodes that have conductive feedthroughs to electrically connect to corresponding first and second external arctube leads; an antenna conductor extending longitudinally on an outside surface of the arc tube wall between first and second antenna ends that are located radially outward of corresponding first and second electrodes; and an antenna coupling member comprising a conductive coupling connector that is electrically connected to the first arctube lead, and extends to a coupling end located on the body wall near to the first antenna end and separated from it by a coupling gap of predetermined, non-zero gap dimension.