A multi-level antenna array includes a plurality of patch antennas. Each layer of a plurality of layers is separated from other layers by a distance and support a portion of the plurality of patch antennas. Each of a plurality of connectors is associated with one of the plurality of layers for supplying a signal for transmission by the associated layer. A feed network on each of the plurality of layers provides a connection between a connector of the plurality of connectors associated with the layer and the portion of the plurality of patch antennas located on the layer. Each layer of the plurality of layers transmits the signal having a different orthogonal function applied thereto and multiplexes each of the signals having the different orthogonal function applied thereto onto a single transmission beam.

An antenna array includes a plurality of patch antennas including a plurality of layers. Each of the plurality of layers are separated by a distance and each support a portion of the plurality of patch antennas. A plurality of connectors are each associated with one of the plurality of layers and supply a signal for transmission by the associated layer. A feed network on each of the plurality of layers provides a connection between a connector associated with the layer and the portion of the patch antennas located on the layer. Each layer transmits a signal having a different orthogonal function applied thereto that multiplexes each of the signals having a different orthogonal function applied thereto onto a single transmission beam. A parabolic reflector reflects the single transmission beam from the plurality of layers of the antenna array.

An antenna array includes a plurality of patch antennas including a plurality of layers. Each of the plurality of layers are separated by a distance and each support a portion of the plurality of patch antennas. A plurality of connectors are each associated with one of the plurality of layers and supply a signal for transmission by the associated layer. A feed network on each of the plurality of layers provides a connection between a connector associated with the layer and the portion of the patch antennas located on the layer. Each layer transmits a signal having a different orthogonal function applied thereto that multiplexes each of the signals having a different orthogonal function applied thereto onto a single transmission beam. A parabolic reflector reflects the single transmission beam from the plurality of layers of the antenna array.

An antenna architecture comprises a hybrid beamformer comprising on the one hand, Ny stacked quasi-optical beamformers, each quasi-optical beamformer comprising a parallel-plate waveguide furnished with a linear radiating aperture and integrating a lens and internal horns furnished with beam access ports, each quasi-optical beamformer forming beams in two, transmission and reception, frequency bands, in a first direction in space, and on the other hand, at least one electronic beamformer comprising a combining device linked to Nx phase and amplitude control chains, each phase and amplitude control chain being connected to a respective beam access port of each quasi-optical beamformer, the electronic beamformer forming beams in a second direction in space, orthogonal to the first direction.

An MIMO training method including performing transmission sector sweeping using an initiator including a plurality of transmitting antennas, selecting a set of at least one transmission sector for each of the transmitting antennas using a responder including a plurality of receiving antennas; performing reception sector sweeping using the initiator, selecting a set of at least one reception sector for each of the plurality of receiving antennas using the responder, performing beam combination training using the initiator; and selecting a determined number of sector pairs consisting of a transmission sector and a reception sector from among the selected set of transmission sectors and the selected set of reception sectors using the responder, wherein the transmitting antennas in the selected sector pairs differ from one another, and the receiving antennas in the selected sector pairs differ from one another.

A multi-level antenna array includes a plurality of patch antennas. A plurality of layers are separated from each other by a distance. Each of the plurality of layers further supports a portion of the plurality of patch antennas. A plurality of connectors is each associated with one of the plurality of layers to supply a signal for transmission by the associated layer. A feed network on each of the plurality of layers provides a connection between a connector of the plurality of connectors associated with the layer and the portion of the plurality of patch antennas located on the layer. A length of the connection between the connector and each of the portion of the plurality of patch antennas applies a different phase to each of the portion of the plurality of patch antennas on the layer.

A hybrid image gathering and data transmission system is provided. The system includes at least one parabolic reflector to gather, disseminate and direct electromagnetic radiation. A beam splitter using a Fresnel zone plate (FZP) is configured and arranged to receive and/or transmit the electromagnetic radiation from or to the at least one parabolic reflector and separately focus microwave radiation and visual radiation. The beam splitter provides a gain in the microwave radiation and the visual radiation. A radio frequency (RF) receiver/transmitter receives and transmits the microwave radiation from or to the beam splitter and a focal plane array (FPA) receives the visible radiation from the beam splitter. A processor is in communication with the RF receiver and the FPA. The processor processes signals received by the RF receiver and the FPA and provides processed data to be transmitted to a remote location.

The technology described herein is directed towards a multiband unit cell that is part of a reflective surface that can reflect different specific frequencies of impinging electromagnetic waves. The unit cells can have different phase profiles to facilitate beam steering and/or beam splitting functionality, independently for each specific frequency. The multiband unit cell can be a dual-band unit cell based on a straightforward unit-cell design, e.g., using diagonally arranged ring resonators as sub-cells of a supercell. Alternative design variations are also described to accommodate multi-frequency (greater than two frequency) applications. In one example implementation, the metasurface is constructed as a low-profile dual-band reflective surface with beam-steering and/or beam-splitting capabilities, e.g., utilizing only a single unit cell metal layer above a substrate. This enables precise control and manipulation of an antenna's radiation pattern, providing enhanced coverage for both frequency bands while keeping the fabrication/manufacturing costs relatively low.

The technology described herein is directed towards a multiband unit cell that is part of a reflective surface that can reflect different specific frequencies of impinging electromagnetic waves. The unit cells can have different phase profiles to facilitate beam steering and/or beam splitting functionality, independently for each specific frequency. The multiband unit cell can be a dual-band unit cell based on a straightforward unit-cell design, e.g., using diagonally arranged ring resonators as sub-cells of a supercell. Alternative design variations are also described to accommodate multi-frequency (greater than two frequency) applications. In one example implementation, the metasurface is constructed as a low-profile dual-band reflective surface with beam-steering and/or beam-splitting capabilities, e.g., utilizing only a single unit cell metal layer above a substrate. This enables precise control and manipulation of an antenna's radiation pattern, providing enhanced coverage for both frequency bands while keeping the fabrication/manufacturing costs relatively low.

A first circuit includes at least one bridge, where input ends of the at least one bridge are coupled to digital channels in N analog networks, to perform digital weighting and analog on a received electrical signal; a second circuit includes at least one bridge, where output ends of the at least one bridge are coupled to M antennas, to perform digital weighting and analog on a received electrical signal; and a connection circuit includes at least one power splitter.