Data receiving and logging are disclosed. A method includes receiving a linearly polarized signal, the linearly polarized signal including a set of direct and reflected components and obtaining power measurements of the linearly polarized signal. The power measurements are inserted into a navigation message and provided as precision power values characterizing the linearly polarized signal at a high precision. The power values for the linearly polarized signal are stored for further analysis.

Radio-frequency component including several waveguide devices, for example antennas or polarizers, arranged in an array for transmitting and/or receiving electromagnetic signals. The radio-frequency component includes several ridges and each waveguide device includes: at least one inner wall; an upstream opening in the direction of propagation of the signals during emission; and a downstream opening in the direction of propagation of the emitting signals, linked to the upstream opening so that the emitting signals are transmitted from the upstream opening to the downstream opening. The arrangement of the ridges in the openings upstream of the radiofrequency component may be different from the arrangement of the ridges in the openings downstream of the radio-frequency component. The arrangement of ridges in the downstream openings of each waveguide device includes no more and no less than three ridges.

A circularly polarized radiating element includes at least one excitation aperture for a wave that is linearly polarized with what is referred to as an excitation first polarization, a frequency selective surface and a metasurface comprising a two-dimensional and periodic array of metasurface cells, the excitation aperture opening onto the metasurface, the metasurface cells all being oriented identically with respect to the excitation polarization and configured to: reflect an incident wave having the excitation polarization in order to form a reflected wave polarized with the excitation polarization, and depolarize and reflect the incident wave in order to form a reflected wave polarized with the orthogonal polarization, having a phase difference substantially equal to ±90° with respect to the reflected wave polarized with the excitation polarization, and having an amplitude substantially equal to the amplitude of a wave radiated by the frequency selective surface, generated from the reflected wave polarized with the excitation polarization.

Aspects of the disclosure provide an apparatus for transmitting a circularly polarized signal by linearly polarized antennas. Processing circuitry of the apparatus generates a transmitted baseband signal vector. Based on the transmitted baseband signal vector, power amplifiers (PAs) of the apparatus generates transmitted radio frequency (RF) signals. The transmitted RF signals are received by receiving circuitry of the apparatus to obtain a received baseband signal vector. A controller of the apparatus calibrates the PAs and local oscillator (LO) signals of frequency converters of the apparatus based on the received baseband signal vector. A horizontally polarized antenna and a vertically polarized antenna of the apparatus transmit a circularly polarized signal based on the calibrated PAs and the calibrated LO signals.

Provided is an apparatus for transmitting a circularly polarized signal by linearly polarized antennas. A horizontally polarized antenna and a vertically polarized antenna of the apparatus receives a first circularly polarized signal transmitted based on a transmitted baseband signal vector. Based on the first circularly polarized signal, a radio frequency (RF) module of the apparatus generates a received baseband signal vector including a product of the transmitted baseband signal vector and a receiving polarization vector of the transmitted baseband signal vector. Processing circuitry of the apparatus estimates the receiving polarization vector based on the received baseband signal vector and calibrates power amplifiers (PAs) and local oscillator (LO) signals of frequency converters in the RF module based on the estimated receiving polarization vector. The horizontally and vertically polarized antennas transmit a second circularly polarized signal based on the calibrated PAs and the calibrated LO signals of the frequency converters.

A linear-to-circular polarizer antenna is disclosed. In accordance with embodiments of the invention, the polarizer antenna includes an antenna operable to transmit and receive polarized signals and a linear-to-circular polarizer coupled to the antenna. The polarizer includes a plurality of cascaded elements, waveplates or anisotropic sheets, having biaxial permittivity. Each cascaded element has a principal axis rotated at different angles relative to an adjacent element about a z-axis of a 3-dimensional x, y, z coordinate system, and each element is composed of an artificial anisotropic dielectric. The polarizer further includes impedance matching layers disposed adjacent the cascaded elements.

An antenna structure and a modulation method therefor are provided. The antenna structure includes a radiation patch, a radio-frequency port, a first signal line, a second signal line, a power divider, and a first phase modulator. The radiation patch includes a first feed point and a second feed point. One end of the first signal line is connected to the first feed point. One end of the second signal line is connected to the second feed point. The power divider is separately connected to the radio-frequency port, the other end of the first signal line, and the other end of the second signal line, and is configured to allocate electromagnetic waves of the radio-frequency port to the first signal line and the second signal line; and the first phase modulator is configured to modulate the phase of the electromagnetic waves of the first signal line.

A waveguide polarizer for converting between a linearly polarized electromagnetic field in a first waveguide and a circularly polarized electromagnetic field in a second waveguide is provided. The waveguide polarizer includes a structure interconnecting the first and second waveguide which includes a waveguide excitation arrangement with a bifilar helical shape. A circularly polarized antenna arranged to be connected to the first waveguide of the waveguide polarizer and a satellite arrangement are also provided.

The present invention provides a polarization control plate including n layers (n≥4) of overlapping admittance sheets (10-1 to 10-6) each of which includes a plurality of plane unit cells, in which an admittance of a first plane unit cell included in an admittance sheet in a layer a (1≤a≤n) and an admittance of a second plane unit cell being included in an admittance sheet in a layer b (1≤b≤n and b≠a) and overlapping the first plane unit cell are different from each other, and an admittance of the plane unit cell in an x direction and an admittance of the plane unit cell in a y direction are different from each other.

A controller of a transmitter outputs cyclically different digital data to equivalent transmission circuits, that is, RF circuits to generate a rotation polarized wave.