Waveguides, transitions, and conductors for propagating electromagnetic energy. An assembly includes a waveguide transition device comprising two or more coaxial waveguides. The assembly includes a radiating component comprising two or more radiating elements configured to receive or transmit electromagnetic energy through two or more signal ears, wherein each of the two or more signal ears is in communication with a coaxial waveguide of the two or more coaxial waveguides.

A waveguide device. The waveguide device as a base element, having a first surface side and an oppositely situated second surface side, and a plurality of waveguide elements that conduct electromagnetic waves. The elements are arranged between the first and second surface sides and, on the first surface side, comprise a first waveguide opening arrangement and, on the second surface side, comprise a second waveguide opening arrangement different from the first waveguide opening arrangement. The base element comprises support elements for adapting a strain in a first plane comprising the first surface side to a strain in a second plane comprising the second surface side. The adaptation reduces a deformation of the waveguide device.

An antenna array system and a method for making the antenna system. The system includes at least two antenna elements serving as transmitter elements, and at least two antenna elements serving as receiver elements. Each of the transmitter antenna and receiver antenna elements include a pair of curved arms, wherein a first arm in the pair of curved arms is configured to be connected from a signal trace of the antenna system. The second arm in the pair of curved arms is configured to be connected to a ground plane.

System, methods, and other embodiments described herein relate to scanning a surrounding environment of a vehicle by radar during automated driving. In one embodiment, a method includes detecting an object by using a three-dimensional beam formed by a layered array of end-fire antennas. The method also includes scanning the object by using a fine three-dimensional beam formed by a section of the layered array of end-fire antennas. The method also includes tracking the object by using the fine three-dimensional beam.

An antenna apparatus includes patch antennas arranged in an N×1 array, first feed vias, second feed vias, third feed vias, and fourth feed vias connected to a point offset from a center of each of the patch antennas, in a first direction, second direction, third direction, and fourth direction, respectively a first RF signal of a first phase passes through the first feed vias and the second feed vias, a second RF signal of a second phase passes through the third feed vias and the fourth feed vias, and wherein a line between the point in the first direction and the point in the second direction is oblique to a direction of an array of the patch antennas, and a line between the point in the third direction and the point in the fourth direction is oblique to the direction of the array.

An apparatus includes a cross-link phased array and a communication-link phased array. The cross-link phased array and the communication-link phased array are integrated into a single array. The cross-link phased array and communication-link phased array comprise a multi-beam phased array. The cross-link phased array provides communication between multiple space vehicles and the communication-link phased array provides communication between the satellite and the ground GPS system.

An antenna array for full duplex communications is described. The antenna array includes an array antenna elements supported by a substrate. The substrate includes a feed network and a parallel plate waveguide layered with the feed network. The parallel plate waveguide has a core of varying dielectric constant, wherein the varying dielectric constant varies from a first probe connected to a first antenna element to a second probe connected to a second antenna element.

A radio frequency (RF) jamming device includes a differential segmented aperture (DSA), a jammer source outputting a jamming signal at one or more frequencies or frequency bands to be jammed, and RF electronics that amplify and feed the jamming signal to the DSA so as to emit a jamming beam. The DSA includes an array of electrically conductive tapered projections, and the RF electronics comprise power splitters configured to split the jamming signal to aperture pixels of the DSA. The aperture pixels comprise pairs of electrically conductive tapered projections of the array of electrically conductive tapered projections. The RF electronics further comprise pixel power amplifiers, each connected to amplify the jamming signal fed to a single corresponding aperture pixel of the DSA. The RF jamming device may include a rifle-shaped housing, with the DSA mounted at a distal end of the barrel of the rifle-shaped housing.

A multiferroic antenna apparatus and method are described which provides increased energy efficiencies and ease of implementation. Magnetoelastic and/or magnetostrictive resonator are coupled to a piezoelectric substrate, along with electrodes coupled to its opposing surfaces. In receive mode the resonators create mechanical waves in response to being excited into magnetic oscillation by receiving electromagnetic radiation, and these mechanical waves coupled to the piezoelectric substrate causing it to generate an electrical output signal at said electrodes. In transmit mode an electrical signal coupled through the electrodes induces mechanical waves in the piezoelectric substrate directed to the resonators which are excited into magnetic oscillation to output electromagnetic waves.

Provided herein are various enhanced arrangements for arrays of aperture antennas, such as horn antennas or short backfire antennas. Examples include an array of aperture antennas having a wall thickness between apertures, and a conductive mesh positioned above the apertures such that openings of the conductive mesh are aligned with the apertures and positioned having a selected spacing between the conductive mesh and the apertures.