The laser element includes a gain medium and a photochromic compound that receives a carrier from the gain medium. The gain medium may contain: a first ion including at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal ion, an ammonium ion, a formamidinium ion, a guanidium ion, an imidazolium ion, a pyridinium ion, a pyrrolidinium ion, and a protonated thiourea ion; a second ion including at least one selected from the group consisting of lead, germanium, tin, antimony, and bismuth; and an anion or a ligand including at least one selected from the group consisting of a chloride ion, a bromide ion, an iodide ion, a cyanide ion, a thiocyanate, an isothiocyanate, and a sulfide.

A laser system includes a nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal, wherein the NLO crystal is annealed within a selected temperature range. The NLO crystal is passivated with at least one of hydrogen, deuterium, a hydrogen-containing compound or a deuterium-containing compound to a selected passivation level. The system further includes at least one light source, wherein at least one light source is configured to generate light of a selected wavelength and at least one light source is configured to transmit light through the NLO crystal. The system further includes a crystal housing unit configured to house the NLO crystal.

In a general aspect, a chirped optical pulse is compressed by operation of diffraction gratings and a dispersive mirror having a smooth reflective surface. In some aspects, a chirped pulse laser system includes a programmable optical dispersive filter (PODF) operable to modify a spectral phase of optical pulses and a pulse compressor that receives an optical pulse based on an output of the PODF. The pulse compressor includes optical elements in a vacuum chamber. The optical elements define an optical path through the pulse compressor, and are arranged to disperse the optical pulse in the optical path. The optical elements include diffraction gratings and a dispersive mirror, which has a smooth reflective surface that defines a portion of the optical path.

A laser oscillator having a condensation prevention mechanism capable of extending the life span of a light emitting device while maintaining cost effectiveness as compared to the conventional technique is provided. The laser oscillator includes: a laser beam generating unit; a heat exchanger; a coolant bypass circuit; a coolant circuit connecting these components; a housing storing these components; a coolant circulating unit that circulates a coolant to the laser beam generating unit, the heat exchanger, and the coolant bypass circuit with the aid of the coolant circuit; a first valve that adjusts a flow rate of the coolant supplied to the laser beam generating unit; a second valve that adjusts a flow rate of the coolant supplied to the heat exchanger; a third valve that adjusts the flow rate of the coolant supplied to the coolant bypass circuit; a dew point measuring unit that measures a dew point inside the housing; a temperature measuring unit that measures a coolant temperature; and a control unit that controls the first, second, and third valves on the basis of the dew point and the coolant temperature.

A laser oscillation device includes: a refrigerant container; at least one cartridge which is attached to the refrigerant container and which includes a laser gain medium and an incidence path section for guiding laser seed light to the laser gain medium; at least one nozzle for spraying a refrigerant to the laser gain medium, the at least one nozzle being disposed inside the refrigerant container, and a vacuum heat insulating container housing the refrigerant container inside and forming a vacuum insulation layer on an outer peripheral side of the refrigerant container. The cartridge is disposed so as to be insertable and removable with respect to the refrigerant container along a longitudinal direction of the laser gain medium.

Various embodiments of a multi-laser system are disclosed. In some embodiments, the multi-laser system includes a plurality of lasers, a plurality of laser beams, a beam positioning system, a thermally stable enclosure, and a temperature controller. The thermally stable enclosure is substantially made of a material with high thermal conductivity such as at least 5 W/(m K). The thermally stable enclosure can help maintain alignment of the laser beams to a target object over a range of ambient temperatures. Various embodiments of an optical system for directing light for optical measurements such laser-induced fluorescence and spectroscopic analysis are disclosed. In some embodiments, the optical system includes a thermally conductive housing and a thermoelectric controller, a plurality of optical fibers, and one or more optical elements to direct light emitted by the optical fibers to illuminate a flow cell. The housing is configured to attach to a flow cell.

Various embodiments of a multi-laser system are disclosed. In some embodiments, the multi-laser system includes a plurality of lasers, a plurality of laser beams, a beam positioning system, a thermally stable enclosure, and a temperature controller. The thermally stable enclosure is substantially made of a material with high thermal conductivity such as at least 5 W/(m K). The thermally stable enclosure can help maintain alignment of the laser beams to a target object over a range of ambient temperatures. Various embodiments of an optical system for directing light for optical measurements such laser-induced fluorescence and spectroscopic analysis are disclosed. In some embodiments, the optical system includes a thermally conductive housing and a thermoelectric controller, a plurality of optical fibers, and one or more optical elements to direct light emitted by the optical fibers to illuminate a flow cell. The housing is configured to attach to a flow cell.

A laser component includes a housing that includes a base section including a top side and an underside, wherein a plurality of electrical soldering contact pads are configured at the underside of the base section, the electrical soldering contact pads enabling surface mounting of the laser component, a plurality of electrical chip contact pads are configured at the top side of the base section and electrically conductively connect to the soldering contact pads, the housing includes a cavity adjoining the top side of the base section, and a laser chip is arranged in the cavity and electrically conductively connects to at least some of the chip contact pads.

A laser medium unit 10 in a laser beam amplification device includes a plurality of laser media 14. A cooling medium flow path F1 is provided around the laser medium unit 10 to cool the laser medium unit 10 from outside. A sealed space between the laser media 14 is filled with gas or liquid, and a laser beam for passing through the sealed space is not interfered by a cooling medium flowing outside. Therefore, a fluctuation of an amplified laser beam is prevented, and a quality such as stability and focusing characteristics of the laser beam is improved.

A purging system for a laser system is described. The purging system comprising a cartridge that houses a desiccant material and which is configured for removable mounting with an enclosure of the laser system. The cartridge comprising a first mesh layer that provides a means for a fluid to flow to the desiccant material housed within the cartridge. The purging system further comprises a membrane located over the first mesh layer. The purging system therefore provides a mean for passively purging the laser system and so its operation does not require the employment of a pump. The employment of the removable cartridge also has the advantage that the downtimes of the laser system with which it is deployed are reduced during periods when it is required to dry or replace the desiccant material.