To cool a capacitor including a first electrode and a second electrode, a capacitor cooling structure includes: a conducting part electrically connected with the first electrode; an insulating part that has a first surface including a first position and a second surface including a second position, and is connected with the conducting part at the first position; a first fastening part configured to fasten the conducting part and the insulating part to each other; and a cooling part connected with the second position facing the first position, the conducting part and the cooling part being electrically insulated from each other by the insulating part.

A discharge excitation gas laser device includes: first and second discharge electrodes disposed to face each other; a plurality of peaking capacitors connected to the first discharge electrode; a charger; a plurality of pulse power modules, each one of the pulse power modules including a charging capacitor to which a charged voltage is applied from the charger, a pulse compression circuit that pulse-compresses and outputs electrical energy stored in the charging capacitor as an output pulse to a corresponding peaking capacitor, and a switch disposed between the charging capacitor and the pulse compression circuit; a plurality of output pulse sensors, each one of the output pulse sensors detecting an output pulse output by a corresponding pulse power module; and a control unit configured to control, based on a detection result of each of the output pulse sensor, a timing of a switch signal to be input to a corresponding switch.

A discharge excitation gas laser device includes: first and second discharge electrodes disposed to face each other; a plurality of peaking capacitors connected to the first discharge electrode; a charger; a plurality of pulse power modules, each one of the pulse power modules including a charging capacitor to which a charged voltage is applied from the charger, a pulse compression circuit that pulse-compresses and outputs electrical energy stored in the charging capacitor as an output pulse to a corresponding peaking capacitor, and a switch disposed between the charging capacitor and the pulse compression circuit; a plurality of output pulse sensors, each one of the output pulse sensors detecting an output pulse output by a corresponding pulse power module; and a control unit configured to control, based on a detection result of each of the output pulse sensor, a timing of a switch signal to be input to a corresponding switch.

A compact laser system with a folded annular resonator cavity defined by spherical mirrors (17, 18), enabling the generation of a multipass beam path between the mirrors, each beam pass inclined at a small angle to the axis between the mirrors to form a zig-zag path (28, 29) therebetween. A long optical path is achieved within a short physical structure. The optical resonator cavity is confined in the gap between two cylindrical coaxial electrodes (13, 14) receiving RF power to excite the lasing gas. Apertures (23) are provided in the main cavity mirrors (17, 18), with a high reflectivity end mirror (24) behind one aperture at one end and a partially reflective output coupler (25) at the other end. A channeled ceramic cylindrical element (15, 20) within the annular shaped gap between the two cylindrical electrodes confines the lasing gas to the channels (16).

A compact laser system with a folded annular resonator cavity defined by spherical mirrors (17, 18), enabling the generation of a multipass beam path between the mirrors, each beam pass inclined at a small angle to the axis between the mirrors to form a zig-zag path (28, 29) therebetween. A long optical path is achieved within a short physical structure. The optical resonator cavity is confined in the gap between two cylindrical coaxial electrodes (13, 14) receiving RF power to excite the lasing gas. Apertures (23) are provided in the main cavity mirrors (17, 18), with a high reflectivity end mirror (24) behind one aperture at one end and a partially reflective output coupler (25) at the other end. A channeled ceramic cylindrical element (15, 20) within the annular shaped gap between the two cylindrical electrodes confines the lasing gas to the channels (16).

A waveguide gas laser having a laser resonator cavity of a variable length is subjected to cyclical varying of the length of the cavity during generation of a laser beam a length variation amount sufficient to force a laser beam generated in the resonator cavity though a substantially complete optical longitudinal cavity mode at a rate operable to smooth at least one laser beam parameter variation. In this manner variation in the laser beam parameter is averaged by moving through at least a portion of an optical longitudinal cavity mode.

A laser may comprise a ceramic core that at least partially defines a waveguide slab laser cavity. An interior surface of the waveguide slab laser cavity is coated with a layer of metal. The laser also includes a set of mirrors that form a resonator in the waveguide slab laser cavity. The laser also includes electrodes positioned such that the laser gas contained in the waveguide slab laser cavity is excited when an excitation signal is applied to the electrodes. In other embodiments, the core may be formed from a material other than ceramic. Additionally or alternatively, the layer may be formed from a material other than metal.

A dielectric resonator is excited at its natural resonant frequency to produce a highly uniform electric field for the generation of plasma. The plasma may be used as a desolvator, atomizer excitation source and ionization source in an optical spectrometer or a mass spectrometer.

A system for generating an energy beam based laser includes an apparatus for receiving an energy beam and for generating an energy beam based laser. The apparatus is configurable or controllable for tuning an output wavelength of the laser generated by the apparatus using the energy beam. The apparatus includes a first component for producing a first magnetic field oriented in a first direction and a second component for producing a second magnetic field oriented in a second direction substantially opposite to the first direction. A channel through the apparatus is defined by the first component and the second component through which the energy beam passes to generate the laser at an output of the apparatus. The apparatus is configurable or controllable for modifying at least one of the first magnetic field and the second magnetic field for tuning the output wavelength of the laser.

A system for generating an energy beam based laser includes an apparatus for receiving an energy beam and for generating an energy beam based laser. The apparatus is configurable or controllable for tuning an output wavelength of the laser generated by the apparatus using the energy beam. The apparatus includes a first component for producing a first magnetic field oriented in a first direction and a second component for producing a second magnetic field oriented in a second direction substantially opposite to the first direction. A channel through the apparatus is defined by the first component and the second component through which the energy beam passes to generate the laser at an output of the apparatus. The apparatus is configurable or controllable for modifying at least one of the first magnetic field and the second magnetic field for tuning the output wavelength of the laser.