Disclosed are photonic particles and methods of using particles in biological samples. The particles are configured to emit laser light when energetically stimulated by, e.g., a pump source. The particles may include a gain medium with inorganic materials, an optical cavity with high refractive index, and a coating with organic materials. The particles may be smaller than 3 microns along their longest axes. The particles may attach to each other to form, e.g., doublets and triplets. The particles may be injection-locked by coupling an injection beam into a particle while pumping so that an injection seed is amplified to develop into laser oscillation. A microscopy system may include a pump source, beam scanner, spectrometer with resolution of less than 1 nanometer and acquisition rate of more than 1 kilohertz, and spectral analyzer configured to distinguish spectral peaks of laser output from broadband background.

A light source for an imaging system. The light source includes a microresonator laser array having opposing mirrors arranged substantially parallel to one another. A laser gain medium is between the opposing mirrors. An array of microrefractive elements is arranged to stabilize the microresonator. A pump laser's output is shaped by a lens that directs it toward the micro-resonator laser array. An output lens directs a plurality of laser beams from the microresonator laser array to be incoherently combined at an object to be illuminated.

The conjugated polymer laser with temperature-controlled power output uses a triphenylamine dimer-based conjugated polymer as the laser medium to produce an output laser beam having a beam energy tunable between approximately 20 J and approximately 325 J over a temperature range of the triphenylamine dimer-based conjugated polymer between approximately 40 C. and approximately 85 C. The triphenylamine dimer-based conjugated polymer laser medium is a solution of poly[N,N-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N-bisphenylbenzidine], known as poly-TPD(4B), dissolved in toluene. Poly-TPD(4B) has a long side chain of butyl (C.sub.4H.sub.9), providing temperature-dependent dimerization, which may not be found with shorter chains of butyl, such as in poly-TPD(4E) or poly-TPD(4M). The molar concentration of the poly-TPD in the solution is between approximately 5 M and approximately 100 M. Additional adjustable tuning of the molar concentration of the poly-TPD in the solution provides for wavelength tuning of the output laser beam between approximately 415 nm and approximately 445 nm.

The conjugated polymer laser with temperature-controlled power output uses a triphenylamine dimer-based conjugated polymer as the laser medium to produce an output laser beam having a beam energy tunable between approximately 20 J and approximately 325 J over a temperature range of the triphenylamine dimer-based conjugated polymer between approximately 40 C. and approximately 85 C. The triphenylamine dimer-based conjugated polymer laser medium is a solution of poly[N,N-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N-bisphenylbenzidine], known as poly-TPD(4B), dissolved in toluene. Poly-TPD(4B) has a long side chain of butyl (C.sub.4H.sub.9), providing temperature-dependent dimerization, which may not be found with shorter chains of butyl, such as in poly-TPD(4E) or poly-TPD(4M). The molar concentration of the poly-TPD in the solution is between approximately 5 M and approximately 100 M. Additional adjustable tuning of the molar concentration of the poly-TPD in the solution provides for wavelength tuning of the output laser beam between approximately 415 nm and approximately 445 nm.

Optical gain media and gain devices are required for lasing devices and high intensity optical systems across a wide range of application. A compact optical gain device that provides near-infrared and infrared lasing at room temperature includes an optical microcavity having a refractive index and a curvilinear outer surface with an angle of curvature such that the optical microcavity supports the propagation of an electromagnetic whispering gallery mode. A plurality of optical gain structures are disposed along the curvilinear outer surface of the optical microcavity, the each of the optical gain structures having an optically active wavelength range over which each of the corresponding optical gain structures provides optical gain to radiation through stimulated emission.

The invention provides light-emitting compositions, including lasing and fluorescent compositions. The invention particularly relates to programmable biological substrates, which fluoresce and/or lase, and which have a wide variety of different applications. The invention extends to use of the fluorescent compositions and lasing compositions comprising programmable biological substrates in fabricating lasers, and in various biological imaging applications, such as in assays.

The invention provides light-emitting compositions, including lasing and fluorescent compositions. The invention particularly relates to programmable biological substrates, which fluoresce and/or lase, and which have a wide variety of different applications. The invention extends to use of the fluorescent compositions and lasing compositions comprising programmable biological substrates in fabricating lasers, and in various biological imaging applications, such as in assays.

A method for producing an organic microdisk structure 40, which is characterized by comprising: a cladding layer formation step 1 wherein a cladding layer 12 is formed by printing a first ink 11 that contains a fluorine-containing hyperbranched polymer on a substrate 10 by an inkjet method; a core layer formation step 2 wherein a core layer 22 is formed by printing a second ink 21 that contains a laser dye and a triazine-based hyperbranched polymer containing no fluorine on the cladding layer 12 by an inkjet method; and an etching step 3 wherein the cladding layer 12 is etched using a solvent 31 that dissolves only the fluorine-containing hyperbranched polymer. Consequently, an unconventional novel method for producing an organic microdisk structure with use of an inkjet method is able to be provided.

A method for producing an organic microdisk structure 40, which is characterized by comprising: a cladding layer formation step 1 wherein a cladding layer 12 is formed by printing a first ink 11 that contains a fluorine-containing hyperbranched polymer on a substrate 10 by an inkjet method; a core layer formation step 2 wherein a core layer 22 is formed by printing a second ink 21 that contains a laser dye and a triazine-based hyperbranched polymer containing no fluorine on the cladding layer 12 by an inkjet method; and an etching step 3 wherein the cladding layer 12 is etched using a solvent 31 that dissolves only the fluorine-containing hyperbranched polymer. Consequently, an unconventional novel method for producing an organic microdisk structure with use of an inkjet method is able to be provided.

The present subject matter relates to a new liquid and solid-state laser system comprising a laser structure and novel 7H-pyrano[2,3-b:4,5-b]diquinoline derivative compounds as the laser active media; the novel 7H-pyrano[2,3-b:4,5-b]diquinoline derivative compounds comprising 10-chloro-7H-pyrano[2,3-b:4,5-b]diquinoline [(Cl-PD)] and 10-methoxy-7H-pyrano[2,3-b:4,5-b]diquinoline [(MeO-PD)]; and a method of synthesizing the organic 7H-pyrano[2,3-b:4,5-b]diquinoline derivative compounds used in the laser system.