A switching unit is provided for each of a plurality of batteries arranged in series, and switches between a connected state where the corresponding battery is connected in series with another battery and a non-connected state where series connection between the corresponding battery and the other battery is disconnected. A control unit controls the switching unit corresponding to the battery to switch to the non-connected state when it is determined that the corresponding battery reaches a charge end voltage during charging or a discharge end voltage during discharging, and determinates deterioration of the batteries. Further, the control unit changes the charge end voltage or the discharge end voltage for each of the plurality of batteries in accordance with a deterioration state of the plurality of batteries.

The present disclosure provides an energy storage system comprising a plurality of input ports connectable to receive electrical power from one or more energy sources, a plurality of output ports connectable to deliver electrical power to one or more loads, a plurality of battery modules, a switching matrix connected between the plurality of battery modules and the plurality of inputs, and between the plurality of battery modules and the plurality of outputs, the switching matrix configured to selectively connect each battery module to any number of the plurality of input ports or any number of the plurality of output ports, each input port to any number of battery modules, and each output port to any number of battery modules, and a main battery management controller operably coupled to the switching matrix for controlling connections between each battery module and any number of the plurality of input ports or any number of the plurality of output ports.

A first electric storage device includes a first switching unit disposed between a wiring and the first electric storage unit and configured to switch an electrical connection relationship between the wiring and the first electric storage unit based on a voltage difference between the wiring and the first electric storage unit. A second electric storage device includes a second switching unit disposed between the wiring and the second electric storage unit and configured to switch an electrical connection relationship between the wiring and the second electric storage unit based on a voltage difference between the wiring and the second electric storage unit. A charge end voltage of the first electric storage unit is equal to or less than a full charging voltage of the first electric storage unit, and is greater than a charge end voltage of the second electric storage unit.

A system (115) includes a plurality of sensors (210) to measure multiple operational parameters of each of the plurality of cells (110). The system (115) further includes a switching unit (215) and a controlling unit (235) electrically and communicably coupled to each of the plurality of cells (110). The controlling unit (235) determines an energy value (E.sub.(cell-n)) for each of the cells (110) based on the multiple operational parameters of the cells (110), determines an energy delta (D.sub.n) for the cells (110) and thereafter selectively operates the switching unit (215) for a time period (t.sub.n) to allow transfer of energy from one of the cells (110) to a storage unit (120). Thereby, each of the cells (110) is at an ideal operating state and the plurality of cells (110) are balanced.

An energy storage system can comprise a stack of multiple battery modules, a plurality of ultrasound emitter transducers, a plurality of ultrasound receiving transducers, one or more excitation modules, one or more capture modules, and an ultrasound battery management system. Each ultrasound emitter transducer and each ultrasound receiving transducer can be acoustically coupled to a surface of a respective one of the battery modules. The excitation module(s) can be electrically interfaced with the plurality of ultrasound emitter transducers, and the capture module(s) can be electrically interface with the plurality of ultrasound receiving transducers. The ultrasound battery management system controller can be configured to initiate battery module ultrasound interrogation sequences.

Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided herein for controlling source current in systems having two or more energy sources. The source current can be controlled in a manner that seeks balance in one or more operating parameters of the sources while meeting load demand. Examples of operating parameters can include charge, temperature, voltage, state of health, current, and others. Example embodiments are described that utilize a balance factor for each parameter being balanced, where the balance factor can vary with the magnitude of the parameter being balanced. A reference current can be determined that is selected to satisfy the load demand while at the same time taking into account present offset values of the balanced operating parameters between the sources. The embodiments can be applied with the system in either a discharge or a charge state.

Measuring circuits including switched capacitors, and related systems, methods, and devices are disclosed. A measurement circuit includes a flying capacitor, a grounded capacitor, a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, and a fourth switch. The first switch is configured to selectively electrically connect an electrochemical cell cathode node to a first terminal of the flying capacitor. The second switch is configured to selectively electrically connect an electrochemical cell anode node to a second terminal of the flying capacitor. The third switch is configured to selectively electrically connect the first terminal of the flying capacitor to a third terminal of the grounded capacitor. The fourth switch is configured to electrically connect the second terminal of the flying capacitor to a fourth terminal of the grounded capacitor. The fourth terminal is electrically connected to the reference voltage potential node.

A management method for a battery system having parallel battery packs includes a charging control operation of sequentially closing battery packs having a low voltage value level and completing a charging of the battery packs. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a management method for a battery system having parallel battery packs which is applicable to multiple parallel battery packs being charged in parallel, to solve the technical problems that a safe and stable operation of the entire battery packs cannot be ensured caused by the failure of the battery packs, and excessive current impact may be generated due to an excessive voltage difference among the battery packs.

A method and apparatus for autonomous charge balancing of an energy storage device of the microgrid. In one embodiment the method comprises obtaining, at a droop control module of a power conditioner coupled to an energy storage device in a microgrid, an estimate of a state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage device; introducing a bias, the bias based on (I) the estimate of the SOC and (II) a target SOC value for each energy storage device of a plurality of energy storage devices in the microgrid, to a droop control determination made by the droop control module; and generating, by the power conditioner, an output based on the droop control determination.

A charger extension device has a housing having a top side, a left side, a bottom side, a right side, a rear side, a front side, and an interior, an USB port on the front side of the housing, a port on the rear side of the housing, and a quick charging circuit in the interior between the USB port on the front side of the housing and the port on the rear side of the housing.