A PM signal generator can generate a variable PM signal based on a position of a movable element of a MEMS motor. A bias voltage generator can provide a bias voltage to the MEMS motor. The bias voltage generator can include a reference signal generator that can generate a reference signal that varies based on variation of pulses of the PM signal. The bias voltage can be based on the reference signal.

A PM signal generator can generate a variable PM signal based on a position of a movable element of a MEMS motor. A bias voltage generator can provide a bias voltage to the MEMS motor. The bias voltage generator can include a reference signal generator that can generate a reference signal that varies based on variation of pulses of the PM signal. The bias voltage can be based on the reference signal.

A switching driver circuit may have an output stage having an output switch connected between a switching voltage node and an output node. A switch network may control a switching voltage at the switching voltage node so that in one mode the switching voltage node is coupled to a positive voltage and in another mode the switching voltage node is coupled to ground voltage via a first switching path of the switch network. The circuit may also include an n-well switching block operable to, when the first switching voltage node is coupled to a positive voltage, connect the n-well of the first output switch to the switching voltage node, and, when the first switching voltage node is coupled to the ground voltage, connect the n-well of the first output switch to a first ground which is separate to the first switching voltage node and independent of the first switching path.

A conversion circuit includes a capacitor module, a balancing module, and a startup module. The capacitor module includes at least a first capacitor and a second capacitor. The balancing module includes at least a first resonant circuit. The startup module includes a direct current-direct current converter and a target capacitor. The first resonant circuit includes at least two groups of switches and a first resonant cavity. The first capacitor is connected in series to the second capacitor, and connected in parallel to the target capacitor. The first resonant circuit is separately connected to both ends of the first capacitor and the second capacitor by using the startup module. The balancing module balances voltages at both ends of the first capacitor and the second capacitor by controlling the switches in the first resonant circuit. The startup module is configured to start the balancing module and the capacitor module.

A power supply device is provided. The power supply device includes a first switch element for selectively providing an alternating current (AC) power source to an actuation device, a second switch element for selectively providing the AC power source to the first switch element, a detection circuit for confirming whether or not the first switch element is in a full turn-on state, by comparing an input power source and an output power source of the first switch element, a sensor for sensing the size of the AC power source, and a controller for selectively controlling the operation of the second switch element on the basis of the sensed size of the AC power source and the confirmed full turn-on state.

A voltage dividing capacitor circuit includes a first capacitor voltage divider and a second capacitor voltage divider. The first capacitor voltage divider is connected to a second voltage node, the first capacitor voltage divider includes a first flying capacitor and a plurality of first switches, the second voltage node coupled to a second load capacitor, the plurality of first switches connected in series between a first voltage node and a ground node, the first voltage node coupled to a first load capacitor, and the ground node coupled to a ground voltage. The second capacitor voltage divider is connected between the first voltage node and the second voltage node, and includes a second flying capacitor and a plurality of second switches, the plurality of second switches connected in series between the first voltage node and the second voltage node.

A multi-level converter includes a flying capacitor and a resistive voltage divider. The multi-level converter is configured to convert an input voltage into an output voltage. The resistive voltage divider is configured to charge a flying capacitor in the multi-level converter during an initial charging mode of operation. In some implementations, the multi-level converter includes a plurality of flying capacitors and a plurality of resistive voltage dividers including a resistive voltage divider for each flying capacitor in the plurality of flying capacitors.

Unique systems, methods, techniques and apparatuses of a power converter are disclosed. One exemplary embodiment is an electrical power conversion system comprising a first converter stage, a second converter stage, a third converter stage, and a control system. The first converter stage is operable to boost DC power received from a DC power source. The second converter stage is operable to boost DC power received from the first converter stage. The third converter stage includes an inverter. The control system is structured to receive as input voltage (V.sub.pv) and current (I.sub.pv) output by the DC power source, voltage (V.sub.dc) output by the second controller stage, and voltage (V.sub.ac) and a current (I.sub.ac) which are output by the third stage to an AC electrical power system, provide a control command for the first converter stage, and process the information of V.sub.dc, V.sub.ac and I.sub.ac to provide control commands for the inverter switches.

In various embodiments, a circuit is provided. The circuit may include a plurality of cascode stages connected in series with one another, a voltage divider which is connected in parallel with the plurality of cascode stages and is coupled to the cascode stages in order to make available a first electrical backup potential at at least one cascode stage of the plurality of cascode stages, and a controller which is configured to couple the at least one cascode stage of the plurality of cascode stages to a predefined second electrical backup potential if a voltage which is present at the voltage divider satisfies a predefined criterion.

In various embodiments, a circuit is provided. The circuit may include a plurality of cascode stages connected in series with one another, a voltage divider which is connected in parallel with the plurality of cascode stages and is coupled to the cascode stages in order to make available a first electrical backup potential at at least one cascode stage of the plurality of cascode stages, and a controller which is configured to couple the at least one cascode stage of the plurality of cascode stages to a predefined second electrical backup potential if a voltage which is present at the voltage divider satisfies a predefined criterion.