A method for testing a photovoltaic panel connected to an electronic module. The electronic module includes an input attached to the photovoltaic panel and a power output. The method activates a bypass to the electronic module. The bypass provides a low impedance path between the input and the output of the electronic module. A current is injected into the electronic module thereby compensating for the presence of the electronic module during the testing. The current may be previously determined by measuring a circuit parameter of the electronic module. The circuit parameter may be impedance, inductance, resistance or capacitance.

A method for testing a photovoltaic panel connected to an electronic module. The electronic module includes an input attached to the photovoltaic panel and a power output. The method activates a bypass to the electronic module. The bypass provides a low impedance path between the input and the output of the electronic module. A current is injected into the electronic module thereby compensating for the presence of the electronic module during the testing. The current may be previously determined by measuring a circuit parameter of the electronic module. The circuit parameter may be impedance, inductance, resistance or capacitance.

A method for testing a photovoltaic panel connected to an electronic module. The electronic module includes an input attached to the photovoltaic panel and a power output. The method activates a bypass to the electronic module. The bypass provides a low impedance path between the input and the output of the electronic module. A current is injected into the electronic module thereby compensating for the presence of the electronic module during the testing. The current may be previously determined by measuring a circuit parameter of the electronic module. The circuit parameter may be impedance, inductance, resistance or capacitance.

A method for testing a photovoltaic panel connected to an electronic module. The electronic module includes an input attached to the photovoltaic panel and a power output. The method activates a bypass to the electronic module. The bypass provides a low impedance path between the input and the output of the electronic module. A current is injected into the electronic module thereby compensating for the presence of the electronic module during the testing. The current may be previously determined by measuring a circuit parameter of the electronic module. The circuit parameter may be impedance, inductance, resistance or capacitance.

This application provides a load line circuit and an electronic device, where the load line circuit is applied to the electronic device. A voltage value of a feedback voltage provided by the load line circuit to a switch-mode power supply is linearly and positively correlated with each of a voltage value of a first voltage and a current value of a first current, where the first voltage is a voltage provided to a load circuit, and the first current is a current provided to the load circuit. Through disposition of the load line circuit, the switch-mode power supply can implement a load line function.

The control device includes a control signal supply unit, a frequency changing unit, and a storage unit. The control signal supply unit generates a control signal, and supplies the generated control signal to the switching element. The storage unit stores a frequency table defining a change value of a frequency of the control signal. The frequency changing unit changes the frequency of the control signal every time a predetermined time period elapses, according to the change value defined in the frequency table.

A power conversion apparatus for tracking maximum power point (MPP) includes: a signal processing circuit generating a first sensing signal at a sensing node; a first comparison circuit generating a first control signal according to a difference between the first sensing signal and a first reference voltage; and a second comparison circuit sensing a second sensing signal generated from the conversion circuit. The second comparison circuit generates a second control signal according to a difference between the second sensing signal and a reference signal. The signal processing circuit includes a bias sensing circuit and a clamp circuit. The bias sensing circuit adjusts the first sensing signal according to the second control signal, to adjust the first control signal. The conversion circuit adjusts a voltage and/or current of the output power according to the adjusted first control signal, so that a power retrieval source operates near its MPP.

A method for testing a photovoltaic panel connected to an electronic module. The electronic module includes an input attached to the photovoltaic panel and a power output. The method activates a bypass to the electronic module. The bypass provides a low impedance path between the input and the output of the electronic module. A current is injected into the electronic module thereby compensating for the presence of the electronic module during the testing. The current may be previously determined by measuring a circuit parameter of the electronic module. The circuit parameter may be impedance, inductance, resistance or capacitance.

A power generating device includes: a photoelectric conversion unit having a photoelectric conversion film; an electret layer for holding electric charges; an electret power generator configured of a light transmissive material; and an insulating layer which is covering a photoelectric conversion film and transmits light in all wavelength bands available for the photoelectric conversion film or some of the all wavelength bands. The electret layer is stacked on the insulating layer.

A sensor system is provided. The sensor system includes a sensor capable of measuring a physical quantity. Further, the sensor system includes a capacitive device for storing electrical energy. The capacitive device is coupled to the sensor. Additionally, the sensor system includes a power supply input for connecting the sensor system to a switched-mode power supply, and a switch circuit capable of selectively connecting the capacitive device to the power supply input. The sensor system includes a control circuit configured to control the switch circuit to connect the capacitive device to the power supply input while the sensor is not measuring the physical quantity in order to charge the capacitive device. The control circuit is further configured to control the switch circuit to disconnect the capacitive device from the power supply input while the sensor is measuring the physical quantity in order to exclusively power the sensor by the capacitive device.