An actuator including a frame body, a base, a first drive assembly, a second drive assembly, and an optical element is provided. The frame body includes the first frame portion and the second frame portion. The base surrounds the frame body. The first drive assembly is disposed between the base and the first frame portion. The second drive assembly is disposed between the base and the second frame portion. When the actuator is set to a first mode, a phase difference between the first drive assembly and the second drive assembly is substantially 0 degrees, and the optical element exhibits a first actuation mode relative to the base. Alternatively, when the actuator is set to the second mode, the phase difference between the first drive assembly and the second drive assembly is substantially 90 degrees, and the optical element exhibits a second actuation mode relative to the base.

A voice coil motor (VCM) is disclosed, the VCM including: a stator including a magnet generating a first electromagnetic field; a mover including a bobbin formed with a hollow hole through which light passes and a coil formed on a periphery of the bobbin that generates a second electromagnetic field responsive to the first electromagnetic field; a base fixed at the stator and formed with an opening through which the light passes; and at least one elastic member elastically supporting the bobbin and forming a gap between the bobbin and the base when the coil is not applied with a current.

A voice coil motor (VCM) is disclosed, the VCM including: a stator including a magnet generating a first electromagnetic field; a mover including a bobbin formed with a hollow hole through which light passes and a coil formed on a periphery of the bobbin that generates a second electromagnetic field responsive to the first electromagnetic field; a base fixed at the stator and formed with an opening through which the light passes; and at least one elastic member elastically supporting the bobbin and forming a gap between the bobbin and the base when the coil is not applied with a current.

Disclosed herein is a motor driver circuit including a first output terminal to be connected to a first end of a to-be-driven motor via a sense resistor, a second output terminal to be connected to a second end of the motor, an error detector that generates an error signal, an A/D converter that obtains a digital signal, a compensator that generates a voltage command value, a D/A converter that converts the voltage command value to an analog control signal, a pulse width modulator that generates a first pulse and a second pulse, and an output stage that generates a first driving voltage and a second driving voltage. During a first mode, the compensator uses the error signal obtained by the A/D converter at a negative edge timing of the first pulse, for the error signal at a positive edge timing of the second pulse.

In some implementations, a measurement circuit may drive, using a first transistor, a first node of a haptic load. The measurement circuit may trigger a first comparator when a voltage driving the haptic load satisfies a first condition. The first comparator may have a first node connected, in parallel, to a drain of a second transistor and may have a second node connected to the first node of the haptic load. Additionally, the second transistor may have a gate connected to a gate of the first transistor and may have the drain connected to a first reference current.

In some implementations, a measurement circuit may drive, using a first transistor, a first node of a haptic load. The measurement circuit may trigger a first comparator when a voltage driving the haptic load satisfies a first condition. The first comparator may have a first node connected, in parallel, to a drain of a second transistor and may have a second node connected to the first node of the haptic load. Additionally, the second transistor may have a gate connected to a gate of the first transistor and may have the drain connected to a first reference current.

Various embodiments of the present technology may comprise methods and apparatus for driver calibration. The methods and apparatus may comprise various circuits and/or systems to minimize an offset output current (e.g., a drive current) due to an offset voltage in an operational amplifier. The methods and apparatus may comprise a current comparator circuit and a replica circuit that operate in conjunction with each other to monitor the drive current and provide a feedback signal, which is then used to adjust the drive current and improve the accuracy of the drive current.

Various embodiments of the present technology may comprise methods and apparatus for driver calibration. The methods and apparatus may comprise various circuits and/or systems to minimize an offset output current (e.g., a drive current) due to an offset voltage in an operational amplifier. The methods and apparatus may comprise a current comparator circuit and a replica circuit that operate in conjunction with each other to monitor the drive current and provide a feedback signal, which is then used to adjust the drive current and improve the accuracy of the drive current.

An operation device includes a movable portion, a vibration generating unit, a fixed portion, a detecting unit, and a control unit. The vibration generating unit includes a movable yoke attached to the movable portion, and a fixed yoke attached to the fixed portion and disposed facing the movable yoke in a first direction. The vibration generating unit includes a permanent magnet attached to one yoke among the movable yoke and the fixed yoke, both ends of the permanent magnet in the first direction being opposite magnetic poles created by magnetization. The vibration generating unit includes an exciting coil attached to a different yoke from the one yoke among the movable yoke and the fixed yoke, the exciting coil being configured to induce magnetic flux in response to a current flowing through the exciting coil.

An operation device includes a movable portion, a vibration generating unit, a fixed portion, a detecting unit, and a control unit. The vibration generating unit includes a movable yoke attached to the movable portion, and a fixed yoke attached to the fixed portion and disposed facing the movable yoke in a first direction. The vibration generating unit includes a permanent magnet attached to one yoke among the movable yoke and the fixed yoke, both ends of the permanent magnet in the first direction being opposite magnetic poles created by magnetization. The vibration generating unit includes an exciting coil attached to a different yoke from the one yoke among the movable yoke and the fixed yoke, the exciting coil being configured to induce magnetic flux in response to a current flowing through the exciting coil.