A vibrating element includes a piezoelectric substrate having an excitation section adapted to excite a thickness-shear vibration, and provided with a step section in each of side surfaces on both ends, and a peripheral section having a thickness smaller than a thickness of the excitation section, and the peripheral section has at least one projection section disposed on both principal surfaces in an area where a vibratory displacement when the excitation section excites a vibration is sufficiently attenuated.

A slow-clock calibration method, a slow-clock calibration unit, a clock circuit and a mobile communication terminal are provided. The calibration method includes: obtaining a current temperature of the crystal; searching a unique frequency-divide coefficient corresponding to the current temperature from a preset data base; if the coefficient is found in the data base, inputting the unique coefficient into a frequency divider; if the coefficient is not found in the data base, obtaining an actual sleep length of the mobile communication terminal, if the actual sleep length is not equal to a required sleep length, calculating a required frequency-divide coefficient and updating the data base with the required frequency-divide coefficient, and if the actual sleep length of the mobile communication terminal is equal to the required sleep length, updating the data base with a current frequency-divide coefficient. Accordingly, slow-clock calibration is realized with reduced crystal costs.

In examples, an electronic device comprises an oscillator circuit configured to provide an output signal and a controller coupled to the oscillator circuit. The controller is configured to receive first and second target rates; dynamically adjust a frequency accuracy of the output signal based on the first target rate; and dynamically adjust an amplitude of the output signal based on the second target rate.

A piezoelectric vibrator according to the invention has a base, an integrated circuit element, and a piezoelectric vibration element. The base has internal terminal pads, and external terminals including an AC output terminal. The base includes rectangular ceramic substrate layers stacked in at least three layers, each of which has castellations formed at four corners. Among the internal terminal pads, internal terminal pads for the integrated circuit element and internal terminal pads for the piezoelectric vibration element are connected to each other by externally exposed wiring patterns formed on upper surfaces of the castellations at the corners of the ceramic substrate constituting a middle layer.

A drive circuit for a MEMS resonator can include closed loop means for detecting and amplifying a signal of the MEMS resonator, and means for feeding the detected and amplified signal as a feedback signal back to the MEMS resonator. The circuitry also comprises DC bias voltage means for generating for the MEMS resonator a first DC bias voltage, and a second DC bias voltage that is controlled according to measured amplitudes of the MEMS resonator, one of the DC bias voltages being summed into the feedback signal. The circuitry comprises also a start-up circuitry adapted to detect a start-up state, and in response to a detected start-up state change at last one of the DC bias voltages to a predefined level. The state of constant oscillation is achieved reliably and in short time.

A trigger, includes: a first voltage input terminal; a bias voltage input terminal; a first bias transistor having a scaling of N to a first component of an external device; a comparator transistor having a scaling of N to a second component of the external device; a first switch transistor and a second switch transistor; a shunt transistor having a control terminal connected to the first voltage input terminal, a second terminal connected to the second terminal of the second switch transistor, and a first terminal connected to the first terminal of the comparator transistor. The shunt transistor has an enlarging scale of M to the comparator transistor. A voltage output terminal is respectively connected to the second terminal of the first switch transistor, the control terminal of the second switch transistor, and the second terminal of the comparator transistor.

A trigger, includes: a first voltage input terminal; a bias voltage input terminal; a first bias transistor having a scaling of N to a first component of an external device; a comparator transistor having a scaling of N to a second component of the external device; a first switch transistor and a second switch transistor; a shunt transistor having a control terminal connected to the first voltage input terminal, a second terminal connected to the second terminal of the second switch transistor, and a first terminal connected to the first terminal of the comparator transistor. The shunt transistor has an enlarging scale of M to the comparator transistor. A voltage output terminal is respectively connected to the second terminal of the first switch transistor, the control terminal of the second switch transistor, and the second terminal of the comparator transistor.

An oscillator circuit includes an oscillating circuit coupled to a vibrator, and a control circuit that controls the oscillating circuit. The oscillator circuit has a normal operation mode in which the oscillating circuit oscillates in a state where a negative resistance value is a first value, and a start mode in which the oscillator circuit shifts from a state where oscillation is stopped to the normal operation mode. In the start mode, the control circuit controls the negative resistance value to increase from a second value which is smaller than the first value.

Methods and systems described herein relate to broadcasting on a wireless channel. An example method includes generating, based on data, a data signal including one or more data packets, where each of the one or more data packets is a non-connectable and non-scannable data packet. The method further includes generating a plurality of RF signals of different frequencies using an oscillator circuit, directly modulating at least one of the RF signals, based on the data signal, to generate a modulated RF signal, amplifying the modulated RF signal, and broadcasting the amplified modulated RF signal on the wireless channel.

A technique for reducing jitter in an oscillating signal generated by an oscillator circuit includes reducing feedback of gate leakage current while increasing electrostatic discharge protection and reducing regulated power supply requirements of the oscillator circuit, as compared to conventional oscillator circuits. A circuit includes a first integrated circuit terminal and a thick gate native transistor of a first conductivity type having a first gate terminal having a first gate thickness. The first gate terminal is coupled to the first integrated circuit terminal. The thick gate native transistor has a first threshold voltage. The thick gate native transistor is configured as a source follower. The circuit includes a second transistor of the first conductivity type having a second gate terminal with a second gate thickness less than the first gate thickness. The second gate terminal is coupled to a source terminal of the thick gate native transistor.