The application discloses a tuner and a method for tuning a signal. The tuner comprises: a sampling module, the sampling module being configured to receive an input signal and a set of control signals, sample the input signal under the control of the set of control signals and generate a sample signal; wherein each of the set of control signals has a control period equal to (N*T.sub.VCO), and the control periods of the set of control signals synchronize with each other; a set of weighting modules, wherein each of the set of weighting modules is configured to receive the set of sample signals and weight the received sample signals with a group of weighting factors to generate a group of weighted signals; and one or more summing modules, each summing module being configured to receive one group of weighted signals generated by one of the set of weighting modules and sum the group of weighted signals to output an output signal, wherein the output signal is the input signal being shifted by a predefined frequency f.sub.VCO*m.sub.k/N.

A clock generator has a buffer stage circuit, a passive mixer, and a channel selecting circuit. The buffer stage circuit receives a plurality of first reference clocks having a same first frequency but different phases. The passive mixer receives the first reference clocks from the buffer stage circuit, receives a plurality of second reference clocks having a same second frequency but different phases, and mixes the first reference clocks and the second reference clocks to generate a mixer output, wherein the second frequency is different from the first frequency. The channel selecting circuit extracts a plurality of third reference clocks from the mixer output, wherein the third reference clocks have a same third frequency but different phases, and the third frequency is different from the first frequency and the second frequency.

An adjustable mixer is disclosed that is capable of operating in different modes in order to satisfy the mixing requirement of multiple radio access technologies (RATs). The adjustable mixer includes a LO signal generating portion and a mixing portion. Depending on the mixing requirements of the RAT, the adjustable mixer can operate in any one of multiple modes, each mode having a specific configuration for the LO signal generating portion and the mixing portion. The LO signal generating portion generates a LO signal having a particular duty cycle, depending on the selected mode, for use by the mixing portion. The mixing portion has an adjustable circuit configuration that can be dynamically reconfigured based on the selected mode, and which allows the mixing portion to successfully mix received signals using the corresponding LO signals generated by the LO signal generating portion.

A regenerative frequency divider comprising an in-phase mixer circuit and a phase-shifted mixer circuit. At least one switching device of the in-phase mixer circuit is of a smaller scale than a corresponding switching device of the transconductance component of the in-phase mixer circuit. In some examples, at least one switching device within an input switching stage of the regenerative frequency divider forming part of the phase-shifted mixer circuit is of a smaller scale than a respective corresponding switching device within the input switching stage forming part of the in-phase mixer circuit. In some further examples, all switching devices within the phase-shifted mixer circuit are of a small scale than respective corresponding switching devices within the in-phase mixer circuit.

A signal mixing circuit device and a receiver are disclosed, the signal mixing circuit device comprising first to fourth mixers, first and second signal amplifying circuits, a signal strength detector, a controller and an attenuator. A signal strength value for the output from the first signal amplifying circuit is detected using the signal strength detector. If the signal strength value is less than a first threshold, a high-gain path is initiated, so that noises respectively input to the first and second mixers together with local oscillator signals are eliminated by the fourth and third mixers respectively, thereby ensuring a high signal-to-noise ratio. If the signal strength value is greater than a second threshold, a low-gain path is initiated, which partially reuses the circuit of the high-gain path, thereby effectively reducing the overall circuit area and decreasing chip cost and power consumption.

A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device includes forming one or more fins extending in a first direction over a substrate. The one or more fins include a first region along the first direction and second regions on both sides of the first region along the first direction. A dopant is implanted in the first region of the fins but not in the second regions. A gate structure overlies the first region of the fins and source/drains are formed on the second regions of the fins.

A processor may calibrate a first actuator electrically coupled to a transconductance stage of the frequency conversion circuit. The transconductance stage may be configured to receive a differential signal input. Calibrating a first actuator may adjust a first basis vector associated with a differential direct current (DC) output of the transconductance stage. A processor may calibrate a second actuator electrically coupled to receive the differential current output of the transconductance stage and electrically coupled to a set of commutating devices of the frequency conversion circuit. The commutating devices may be configured to receive differential LO inputs. Calibrating a second actuator may adjust a second basis vector associated with a differential impedance of the set of commutating devices. A processor may offset responsive to adjusting the first basis vector and the second basis vector, the first leakage basis vector and second leakage basis vector of the LO leakage signal.

A mixer includes a first unit mixer, a second unit mixer, a third unit mixer, and a fourth unit mixer that have the same configuration and a first combiner, a second combiner, and a third combiner that have the same configuration. The first to the fourth unit mixers each include a differential RF signal terminal. Output of the first unit mixer and output of the second unit mixer are combined by the second combiner. Output of the third unit mixer and output of the fourth unit mixer are combined by the third combiner. Output of the second combiner and output of the third combiner are combined by the first combiner. The output of the third unit mixer is input to the third combiner with the polarity being determined.

A circulator, comprising: a gyrator having a first side (1S) and a second side (2S) connected to a third port; a first transmission line section (TLS) having a 1 S connected to the 1 S of the gyrator and a 2S connected to a first port; a second TLS having a 1S connected to the first port and having a 2S connected to a second port; a third TLS having a 1S connected to the second port and having a 2S connected to the third port; a first cancellation path (CP) that is connected between the first port and the third port and introduces a current that is 90 degrees out of phase with a first voltage at the first port; and a second CP that is connected between the second port and the third port and introduces a current that is orthogonal to the current introduces by the first CP.

A combined mixer and filter circuitry is disclosed. The combined mixer and filter circuitry comprises a mixer comprising a first input, a second input and an output. The combined mixer and filter circuitry further comprises a filter comprising an active inductor and a first capacitor. The active inductor comprises a transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a third terminal and a resistor connected between the first terminal of the transistor and a voltage potential. The first capacitor is connected between the third terminal and a signal ground and the second terminal of the transistor is connected to the second input of the mixer.