The present description concerns a clock signal generation device (902) comprising: a microelectromechanical resonant element (504); and at least one nanoelectromechanical transduction element (512).

The present disclosure provides a bulk acoustic wave resonance device, a bulk acoustic wave filter device and a radio frequency front end device. The bulk acoustic wave resonance device includes a first layer including a cavity disposed at a first side of the first layer; a first electrode layer disposed in the cavity; a second layer disposed at the first side and disposed on the first electrode layer, and the second layer is a flat layer and covers the first cavity; and a second electrode layer disposed at the first side and disposed on the second layer, and the first electrode layer includes at least two first electrode bars or the second electrode layer includes at least two second electrode bars. The present disclosure can increase the difference between acoustic impedance of a resonance region and a non-resonance region, thereby increasing Q value of the resonance device.

A method for manufacturing an acoustic device includes providing a substrate, providing a bottom electrode over the substrate, providing a sacrificial layer on the bottom electrode, patterning the bottom electrode and the sacrificial layer, polishing the sacrificial layer such that a portion of the sacrificial layer remains on the bottom electrode, and removing the remaining portion of the sacrificial layer via a cleaning process such that a surface roughness of the bottom electrode is maintained. By performing the polishing such that a portion of the sacrificial layer remains on the bottom electrode and subsequently removing that portion of the sacrificial layer via a cleaning process that maintains the surface roughness of the bottom electrode, the subsequent growth of a piezoelectric layer on the bottom electrode can be substantially improved.

A quartz crystal device includes a package, a pedestal, and a crystal element. The pedestal is disposed in the package. The crystal element is bonded to the pedestal at four points. An angle formed by a center line connecting midpoints of both short sides of the crystal element and a straight line connecting a center point of the center line and each of bonding points is 22° or more and 30° or less.

An acoustic wave device includes a substrate, a multilayer film on the substrate, an LT layer configured by a single crystal of LiTaO.sub.3 on the multilayer film, and an IDT electrode on the LT layer. The thickness of the LT layer is 0.3λ or less where λ is two times a pitch p of electrode fingers in the IDT electrode. Euler angles of the LT layer are (0°±20°, −5° to 65°, 0°±10°), (−120°±20°, −5° to 65°, 0°±10°), or (120°±20°, −5° to 65°, 0°±10°). The multilayer film configured by alternately stacking at least one first layer and at least one second layer. The first layer is comprised of SiO.sub.2. The second layer is comprised of any one of Ta.sub.2O.sub.5, HfO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, and MgO.

An acoustic wave device includes a support substrate, first and second piezoelectric layers, and an IDT electrode. The first and second piezoelectric layers are on the support substrate. The IDT electrode is on the first piezoelectric layer and includes electrode fingers. The second piezoelectric layer is between the first piezoelectric layer and the support substrate. The first and second piezoelectric layers are made of lithium tantalate or lithium niobate. Euler angles of the second piezoelectric layer are different from Euler angles of the first piezoelectric layer.

A bulk acoustic wave resonator includes: a first electrode; a piezoelectric layer disposed on at least a portion of the first electrode; and a second electrode disposed on the piezoelectric layer. The piezoelectric layer contains a dopant, and a value of [a thickness (nm) of the piezoelectric layer×a concentration (at %) of the dopant]/100 is less than or equal to 80.

Provided is an acoustic wave device that uses a plate wave. The acoustic wave device includes a piezoelectric film and a first resonator and a second resonator each including an IDT electrode located on an upper surface of the piezoelectric film. The thickness of the piezoelectric film is smaller than twice the period of the electrode fingers of the IDT electrodes. The duty of the electrode fingers of the first resonator and the duty of the electrode fingers of the second resonator are different from each other.

A bulk acoustic wave resonator comprises a piezoelectric material layer, a first metal layer disposed on the upper surface of the piezoelectric material layer, a second metal layer disposed on the lower surface of the piezoelectric material layer, and a laterally distributed raised frame including a first raised frame disposed on the upper surface of the first metal layer and having an inner raised frame section with a tapered portion and a non-tapered portion and an outer raised frame section, and a second raised frame disposed beneath the first metal layer and the outer raised frame section, but not beneath the inner raised frame section, the inner raised frame section being laterally disposed from a central active region of the bulk acoustic wave resonator by a first distance, the outer raised frame section being laterally disposed from the central active region by a second distance greater than the first distance.

A crystal unit includes a crystal element, excitation electrodes, and a container. The crystal element vibrates in a thickness-shear mode. The excitation electrodes are disposed on front and back surfaces of the crystal element. The crystal element is mounted to the container. The excitation electrodes are disposed on the crystal element. When a thickness of the crystal element is expressed as T, and a total thickness of the excitation electrodes disposed on the front and back surfaces of the crystal element is expressed as t, a ratio t/T is from 0.026 to 0.030.