An apparatus is disclosed for bidirectional amplification with phase-shifting. In example implementations, an apparatus includes a phase shifter with a bidirectional amplifier. The bidirectional amplifier includes a first transistor coupled between a first plus node and a second minus node, a second transistor coupled between a first minus node and a second plus node, a third transistor coupled between the first plus node and the second minus node, and a fourth transistor coupled between the first minus node and the second plus node. The bidirectional amplifier also includes a fifth transistor coupled between the first plus node and the second plus node, a sixth transistor coupled between the first minus node and the second minus node, a seventh transistor coupled between the first plus node and the second plus node, and an eighth transistor coupled between the first minus node and the second minus node.

A phase shifter (60) is provided corresponding to an antenna element constituting an array antenna and is configured to change a phase of a radio frequency signal to be transmitted or received by a corresponding antenna element. The phase shifter (60) includes a first distributor (61) configured to distribute the radio frequency signal input thereto into a plurality of first distributed signals having mutually different phases; second distributors (62) provided corresponding to the first distributed signals, the second distributors each being configured to distribute a corresponding one of the first distributed signals into a plurality of second distributed signals having mutually different amplitudes; a controller (63) configured to control on/off of the second distributed signals; and a combiner (64) configured to combine the second distributed signals that are controlled on by the controller (63).

Certain aspects are generally directed to an apparatus for wireless communication, implemented using a configurable phase shifter network. The configurable phase shifter network generally includes a first switch coupled to a common terminal of the phase shifter network, a first phase shifter coupled between a first terminal of the phase shifter network and the first switch, a second switch coupled in parallel with the first phase shifter, a third switch coupled to the common terminal, a fourth switch coupled to the first terminal, and a second phase shifter coupled between the fourth switch and the third switch.

An apparatus is disclosed for an asymmetrical quadrature hybrid coupler. In an example aspect, an apparatus comprises a quadrature hybrid coupler. The quadrature hybrid coupler comprises a shared port, a through port, a coupled port, and an isolated port. The quadrature hybrid coupler also comprises at least one transformer, which comprises a first inductor and a second inductor. The first inductor is connected between the shared port and the coupled port. The second inductor is connected between the isolated port and the through port. The second inductor is directly connected to the isolated port. An inductance of the first inductor is different from an inductance of the second inductor.

A device for phase shifting is disclosed, comprising an input amplifier, a biasing circuit, a first output amplifier and a second output amplifier being variable-gain amplifiers, and a quadrature hybrid coupler. The input amplifier is connected to an input port of the coupler, the first output amplifier is connected to a through port of the coupler, the second output amplifier is connected to a coupled port of the coupler, and the biasing circuit is connected to an isolated port of the coupler. The device also includes, the quadrature hybrid coupler configured to receive, at the input port, an input signal from the input amplifier, output, at the through port, a through signal, receive, at the isolated port, a bias signal from the biasing circuit, and output, at the coupled port, a coupled signal having a phase differing from a phase of the through signal.

A device for phase shifting is disclosed, comprising an input amplifier, a biasing circuit, a first output amplifier and a second output amplifier being variable-gain amplifiers, and a quadrature hybrid coupler. The input amplifier is connected to an input port of the coupler, the first output amplifier is connected to a through port of the coupler, the second output amplifier is connected to a coupled port of the coupler, and the biasing circuit is connected to an isolated port of the coupler. The device also includes, the quadrature hybrid coupler configured to receive, at the input port, an input signal from the input amplifier, output, at the through port, a through signal, receive, at the isolated port, a bias signal from the biasing circuit, and output, at the coupled port, a coupled signal having a phase differing from a phase of the through signal.

A novel bi-directional vector modulator to be used as an active phase shifter is proposed. The advantages of the active phase shifter include: 1) Compact sizeBy active current combining technique, short transmission lines are used to perform signal combining rather than using area-consuming Wilkinson combiner or splitter; 2) High phase resolution and flexibilityphase interpolation can be performed by vector addition through m-path vector modulators; 3) High efficiencyno signal switch loss, only switched matching capacitor; 4) Simplified signal interconnection; 5) No passive combiner neededeliminate large size and losses in the passive combiner); 6) Can have unequal combining and/or splitting by changing the gain of vector modulator, which is difficult to realize with passive combining and/or splitting network; and 7) Can combine different signals.

A first transistor (2a), a second transistor (2b), a third transistor (2c) and a fourth transistor (2d) are provided. A first transistor (2a) amplifies a first I signal V.sub.IP inputted from a first input terminal (1a). A second transistor (2b) amplifies a first Q signal V.sub.QP inputted from a second input terminal (1b). A third transistor (2c) amplifies a second I signal V.sub.IN when the second I signal V.sub.IN is inputted from a third input terminal (1c), the second I signal V.sub.IN forming a differential signal with the first I signal V.sub.IP. A fourth transistor (2d) amplifies a second Q signal V.sub.QN when the second Q signal V.sub.QN is inputted from a fourth input terminal (1d), the second Q signal V.sub.QN forming a differential signal with the first Q signal V.sub.QP.

A delay line includes one or more phase-shifting cells, where each phase-shifting cell includes a high-pass filter circuit that may be selectively coupled to or decoupled from a transmission line. The filter circuit is couplable in parallel with the transmission line and shifts a signal conveyed through the transmission line by a predetermined phase angle. The high-pass filter circuit includes one or more capacitors and one or more reactance elements (e.g., inductors). The selective coupling may be achieved using multi-gate transistors.

A delay line includes one or more phase-shifting cells, where each phase-shifting cell includes a high-pass filter circuit that may be selectively coupled to or decoupled from a transmission line. The filter circuit is couplable in parallel with the transmission line and shifts a signal conveyed through the transmission line by a predetermined phase angle. The high-pass filter circuit includes one or more capacitors and one or more reactance elements (e.g., inductors). The selective coupling may be achieved using multi-gate transistors.