Examples disclosed herein relate to determination of a power capping signal based on direct memory access. In an example, a hardware timer in a processor may generate a hardware trigger. In response to the hardware trigger, an analog-to-digital convertor (ADC) engine may obtain an analog voltage signal from a server. ADC engine may convert the analog voltage signal to a digital output. ADC engine may then generate a second hardware trigger. In response to the second hardware trigger, a direct memory access engine may provide the digital output to a programmable logic device via a direct memory access (DMA) operation. The programmable logic device may determine a power capping signal based on the digital output, and provide the power capping signal to the server.

A circuit for decoding a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal generates an output signal switching between a first and second logic values as a function of a duty-cycle of the PWM signal. Current generating circuitry receives the PWM signal and injects a current to and sinks a current from an intermediate node as a function of the values of the PWM signal. A capacitor coupled to the intermediate node is alternatively charged and discharged by the injected and sunk currents, respectively, to generate a voltage. A comparator circuit coupled to the intermediate node compares the generated voltage to a comparison voltage and drives the logic values of the output signal as a function of the comparison.

In accordance with an embodiment, a circuit includes a first oscillator having an oscillation frequency dependent on an input signal at a first input, where the first oscillator is configured to oscillate when an enable input is in a first state and freeze its phase or reduce its frequency when the enable input is in a second state. The circuit also includes a first time-to-digital converter having an input coupled to an output of the first oscillator, and a pulse generator having an input coupled to a first clock input of the circuit and an output coupled to the enable input of the first oscillator, where the pulse generator is configured to produce a pulse having pulse width less than a period of a clock signal at the first clock input.

This application relates time-encoding modulators such as may be used as part of analogue-to-digital conversion. A time-encoding modulator (100) receives an analogue input signal (S.sub.IN) at an input node (102) and outputs a corresponding time-encoded signal (S.sub.OUT) at an output node (103). A hysteretic comparator (101) has a first comparator input connected to the input node and a comparator output connected to the output node. A feedback path extends between the output node and a second comparator input of the hysteretic comparator; with a filter arrangement (104) arranged to apply filtering to the feedback path. The hysteretic comparator (101) compares the input signal (S.sub.IN) to the feedback signal (S.sub.FB) with hysteresis. This provides a pulse-width modulated output signal (S.sub.OUT) where the duty cycle encodes the input signal (S.sub.IN).

An ADC that may include PWM modulators.

A signal amplifier includes a pulse width modulator, a level shifter, and a power amplifier. The pulse width modulator is driven by a positive power supply and a negative power supply, and a reference voltage of the pulse width modulator is set to a GND. The power amplifier is driven by a positive power supply, and a reference voltage of the power amplifier is set to a middle value between the positive power supply and the GND. The level shifter shifts a voltage level of a first PWM signal whose high level corresponds to the positive power supply of the pulse width modulator and whose low level corresponds to the negative power supply of the pulse width modulator, to a voltage level of a second PWM signal whose high level corresponds to the positive power supply of the power amplifier and whose low level corresponds to the GND.

A successive approximation register based time-to-digital converter circuit with a time difference amplifier (TDA). A first TDA which applies a gain value to a time difference between a first signal edge and a first delayed signal edge to generate a first amplified time difference signal, which is feedback to the first TDA, a second TDA which applies a gain value to a time difference between a second signal edge and a second delayed signal edge to generate a second amplified time difference signal, which is feedback to the second TDA, and a finite state machine which sets another gain value, for a next step in a N step conversion until N steps are completed, in the first and the second TDAs based on a bit value from a previous step, wherein the bit value indicates, for a step, whether the first or second amplified time difference signal is ahead.

This application relates to analogue-to-digital converters (ADCs). An ADC 200 has a first converter (201) for receiving an analogue input signal (AIN) and outputting a time encode signal (DT), such as a pulse-width-modulated (PWM) signal, based on input signal and a first conversion gain setting (GIN). In some embodiments the first converter has a PWM modulator (401) for generating a PWM signal such that the input signal is encoded by pulse widths that can vary continuously in time. A second converter (202) receives the time encoded signal and outputs a digital output signal (DOUT) based on the time encoded signal (DT) and a second conversion gain setting (GO). The second converter may have a first PWM-to-digital modulator (403). A gain allocation block (204) generates the first and second conversion gain settings based on the time encoded signal (DT). The gain allocation block (204) may have a second PWM-to-digital modulator (203) which may be of lower latency and/or lower resolution that the first PWM-to-digital modulator (403).

Aspects of the disclosure are directed to a pulse to digital converter. In accordance with one aspect, the pulse to digital converter includes an input to receive an input pulse signal; a fractional element, coupled to the input, wherein the fractional element generates a fractional pulse width measurement of the input pulse signal; and an integral element, coupled to the input, wherein the integral element generates an integral pulse width measurement of the input pulse signal, and wherein the fractional pulse width measurement and the integral pulse width measurement are concatenated as an output signal.

A sinusoidal-amplitude-to-digital-output circuit includes a comparator with an input terminal, a reference terminal and an output terminal. A digital bus is connected to the output terminal. A reference voltage source is connected to the reference terminal. A feedback resistor is connected in parallel with the comparator between the output terminal and the input terminal to provide hysteresis for noise rejection such that circuit converts voltage received at the input terminal into a digital pulse-width modulated waveform that varies non-linearly with amplitude of the voltage received at the input terminal.