Memories retain data blocks on which exclusive logical OR computation is performed, and selection circuits receive a selection signal and select two or more data blocks for use in exclusive logical OR computation from among a plurality of data blocks read from the memories on the basis of the selection signal, and XOR circuits (exclusive logical OR computation circuits) perform exclusive logical OR computation based on the two or more data blocks selected by the selection circuits.

Memories retain data blocks on which exclusive logical OR computation is performed, and selection circuits receive a selection signal and select two or more data blocks for use in exclusive logical OR computation from among a plurality of data blocks read from the memories on the basis of the selection signal, and XOR circuits (exclusive logical OR computation circuits) perform exclusive logical OR computation based on the two or more data blocks selected by the selection circuits.

A decoder for decoding a frame to reconstruct a signal portion of a signal is provided. The signal portion is encoded within the frame, wherein the frame includes a bitstream payload and two or more redundancy bits, wherein the bitstream payload includes a plurality of payload bits, wherein each of the payload bits exhibits a position within the bitstream payload. The decoder includes a channel decoding module, being configured to detect, depending on the two or more redundancy bits, whether the bitstream payload includes one or more corrupted bits being one or more of the payload bits that are distorted or that are likely to be distorted. Moreover, the decoder includes a source decoding module.

A decoder for decoding a frame to reconstruct a signal portion of a signal is provided. The signal portion is encoded within the frame, wherein the frame includes a bitstream payload and two or more redundancy bits, wherein the bitstream payload includes a plurality of payload bits, wherein each of the payload bits exhibits a position within the bitstream payload. The decoder includes a channel decoding module, being configured to detect, depending on the two or more redundancy bits, whether the bitstream payload includes one or more corrupted bits being one or more of the payload bits that are distorted or that are likely to be distorted. Moreover, the decoder includes a source decoding module.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a transmitting node may obtain a k-bit sequence of information bits. The transmitting node may encode the k-bit sequence to an output sequence that corresponds to a length-n symbol sequence in a set of symbol sequences of length n and over an alphabet A.sub.m in accordance with a first phase of energy-based arithmetic coding for probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) and a second phase of energy-based arithmetic coding for PAS. The transmitting node may perform, to a receiving node, a transmission based at least in part on the length-n symbol sequence. Numerous other aspects are described.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a transmitting node may obtain a k-bit sequence of information bits. The transmitting node may encode the k-bit sequence to an output sequence that corresponds to a length-n symbol sequence in a set of symbol sequences of length n and over an alphabet A.sub.m in accordance with a first phase of energy-based arithmetic coding for probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) and a second phase of energy-based arithmetic coding for PAS. The transmitting node may perform, to a receiving node, a transmission based at least in part on the length-n symbol sequence. Numerous other aspects are described.