The systems and methods described herein are directed to techniques for improving battery life performance of end devices in resource monitoring systems which transmit data using low-power, wide area network (LPWAN) technologies. Further, the techniques include providing sensor interfaces in the end devices configured to communicate with multiple types of metrology sensors. Additionally, the systems and methods include techniques for reducing the size of a concentrator of a gateway device which receives resource measurement data from end devices. The reduced size of the concentrator results in smaller, more compact gateway devices that consume less energy and reduce heat dissipation experienced in gateway devices. The concentrator may comply with modular interface standards, and include two radios configured for transmitting 1-watt signals. Lastly, the systems and methods include techniques for fully redundant radio architecture within a gateway device, allowing for maximum range and minimizing downtime due to transmission overlap.

Provided are a human body communication device and an operating method of the same. The human body communication device according to an embodiment of the inventive concept includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a ground electrode, and a switch. The transmitting circuit generates a first signal in a transmitting mode and transmits the first signal to the first electrode. The receiving circuit receives a second signal from the first electrode in the receiving mode. The receiving circuit includes a differential amplifier that amplifies a difference between a voltage level of a first input terminal depending on the second signal and a voltage level of a second input terminal. The switch electrically connects the second electrode and the ground electrode in the transmitting mode, and electrically connects the second electrode and the second input terminal in the receiving mode.

Provided are a human body communication device and an operating method of the same. The human body communication device according to an embodiment of the inventive concept includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a ground electrode, and a switch. The transmitting circuit generates a first signal in a transmitting mode and transmits the first signal to the first electrode. The receiving circuit receives a second signal from the first electrode in the receiving mode. The receiving circuit includes a differential amplifier that amplifies a difference between a voltage level of a first input terminal depending on the second signal and a voltage level of a second input terminal. The switch electrically connects the second electrode and the ground electrode in the transmitting mode, and electrically connects the second electrode and the second input terminal in the receiving mode.

A RF system and an electronic device are provided. The RF system includes an RF transceiver, an RF processing circuit, a transfer switch module, and four antennas. The RF processing circuit includes a first TX module, a second TX module, a first RX module, a second RX module, a first duplexer, a second duplexer, a first multiplexer, and a first filtering module. When the RF system works in a NSA mode, a first antenna is configured for TX of a first LB and PRX of the first LB, a second antenna is configured for TX of a second LB and PRX of the second LB, a third antenna is configured for DRX of the second LB, a fourth antenna is configured for DRX of the first LB, and the first filtering module is configured to filter a band other than the first LB.

A RF system and an electronic device are provided. The RF system includes an RF transceiver, an RF processing circuit, a transfer switch module, and four antennas. The RF processing circuit includes a first TX module, a second TX module, a first RX module, a second RX module, a first duplexer, a second duplexer, a first multiplexer, and a first filtering module. When the RF system works in a NSA mode, a first antenna is configured for TX of a first LB and PRX of the first LB, a second antenna is configured for TX of a second LB and PRX of the second LB, a third antenna is configured for DRX of the second LB, a fourth antenna is configured for DRX of the first LB, and the first filtering module is configured to filter a band other than the first LB.

A single audio interface signal switching circuit and a single audio interface switching device are provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, which sets only one single audio interface and uses a working mode switching module to control a driver chip to generate different drive signals, in order to control working states of an audio signal output module, a time code input module, and a time code output module electrically connected with the driver chip. Since there is only one audio interface, and a working mode of the single audio interface switching device is controlled by the working mode switching module, so that a volume of the single audio interface switching device is reduced.

A single audio interface signal switching circuit and a single audio interface switching device are provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, which sets only one single audio interface and uses a working mode switching module to control a driver chip to generate different drive signals, in order to control working states of an audio signal output module, a time code input module, and a time code output module electrically connected with the driver chip. Since there is only one audio interface, and a working mode of the single audio interface switching device is controlled by the working mode switching module, so that a volume of the single audio interface switching device is reduced.

Disclosed is a signal conductor formed as a metal oxide varistor (MOV), the MOV having a first MOV and a second MOV separated by an insulator. In some embodiments, the disclosed signal conductor may be used in a system communicably coupled to a power transmission distribution network, the system capable of launching transverse electromagnetic waves onto a transmission line, where the electromagnetic waves propagating a data signal conveyed to the system by the MOV.

Disclosed is a signal conductor formed as a metal oxide varistor (MOV), the MOV having a first MOV and a second MOV separated by an insulator. In some embodiments, the disclosed signal conductor may be used in a system communicably coupled to a power transmission distribution network, the system capable of launching transverse electromagnetic waves onto a transmission line, where the electromagnetic waves propagating a data signal conveyed to the system by the MOV.

A radio frequency front-end is disclosed having a first power amplifier (PA) having a first PA input and a first PA output, a second PA having a second PA input and a second PA output, and a low-noise amplifier (LNA) having an LNA output connected to a receive output terminal and an LNA input. An input 90° hybrid coupler has a first port input connected to a transmit terminal, a second port input connected to a fixed voltage node through an isolation impedance, a third port output connected to the first amplifier input and a fourth port output connected to the second amplifier input. An output 90° hybrid coupler has a first port output connected to a common terminal, a second port output connected to the LNA input, a third port input connected to the second PA output, and a fourth port input connected to the first PA output.