The technology described herein is directed towards implementations of artificial intelligence (AI)-controlled unit cell subarrays for an active reconfigurable intelligent surface. The reconfigurable intelligent surface integrates an AI model-controlled switch and power amplifier in each subarray of unit cells to selectively amplify the reflected signal, resulting in variable power levels of the reflected signal. The AI model adapts to changing conditions including signal characteristics in real-time, adjusting amplification levels based on various factors for optimizing communication quality, while conserving power consumption by only amplifying to a determined amplification level. Power is also saved by sharing the switch and power amplifier in each subarray of unit cells. Via the per subarray switch, the design provides a device for receiving and reflecting the electromagnetic signal as a signal amplified (or not) to an AI-determined level by coupling the RF energy, processing, and selectively amplifying or not amplifying the reflected signal per subarray.

A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) from a transmitter (e.g., via a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)). The transmitter may be associated with the RIS. The WTRU may determine, based on the CSI-RS, channel information (e.g., channel vector information) associated with a first subset of elements of the RIS. The WTRU may determine, based on the channel information associated with the first subset of elements of the RIS, channel information (e.g., channel vector information) associated with a second subset of elements of the RIS. The WTRU may generate a CSI reporting parameter based on the channel information associated with the second subset of elements of the RIS. The WTRU may send the CSI reporting parameter. The WTRU may generate the CSI reporting parameter using a channel matrix associated with the RIS. The CSI reporting parameter may be a virtual CSI reporting parameter.

The present disclosure relates to a 5G communication system or a 6G communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4G communication system such as long term evolution (LTE). In an embodiment of the disclosure, the method performed by a base station is provided. The method comprises transmitting to an UE a RS for at least one of a direct BS candidate beam and an RIS candidate beam and receiving from the UE a measurement report comprising a RSRP. In case that the RSRP meets the RSRP criteria, the method comprises selecting a first mode configuration for the RIS among a plurality of mode configurations for the RIS based on a link between the BS and the UE. The method comprises switching from the RIS candidate beam to direct BS candidate beam and scattering the multiple beams from the RIS in different directions.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A first device may include reflective elements and may reflect signals between a second and third device using the reflective elements. In some cases, the first device may receive signaling from the second device indicating a first subset of the reflective elements corresponding to a first phase configuration and a second subset of the reflective elements corresponding to a second phase configuration. In some other cases, the first device may receive signaling indicating a transmission beam of the second device. Here, the first device may identify the first and second subsets of the reflective elements based on an angle of arrival and departure associated with the indicated transmission beam. In either case, the first device may set the phase configurations of the reflective elements according to the first and second subsets.

A reflective device includes a control element and an array of reflective elements. Each reflective element of the array of reflective elements has an antenna element and a phase shifter and is under control of the control element so as to reflect a radio-frequency (RF) signal incident on the each reflective element with an adjustable phase shift, where different phase shifts are realized by the phase shifter channeling the RF signal into a specific one of a number of different delay lines. Each of the different delay lines includes an extension unit configured to extract a portion of a power of the RF signal channeled into the respective specific one delay line by the phase shifter and to measure or estimate the voltage, the current and/or the power of the extracted portion of the RF signal.

Disclosed are techniques for wireless sensing. In an aspect, a sensing node transmits, to a sensing server, an indication that one or more reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) are present in an environment of the sensing node, receives a configuration of one or more sensing reference signals, transmits, to the sensing server, a first sensing measurement report including one or more first sensing measurements of the one or more sensing reference signals obtained during a period of time that the one or more RIS are not configured to reflect the one or more sensing reference signals, and transmits, to the sensing server, a second sensing measurement report including one or more second sensing measurements of the one or more sensing reference signals obtained during a period of time that the one or more RIS are configured to reflect the one or more sensing reference signals.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a first wireless communication device may transmit, to a second wireless communication device, coordination information associated with receiving a multi-layer communication from a network node via multiple transmissive surfaces. The first wireless communication device may receive the multi-layer communication from the network node via the multiple transmissive surfaces. Numerous other aspects are described.

The technology described herein is directed towards a transcoder that can be used to couple non-terrestrial network satellites to user equipment, including by decoding and reencoding data packets at the packet level. A metasurface (reconfigurable intelligent surface, or RIS) redirects signals from the satellite to a satellite radio frequency (RF) interface of the transcoder, with the transcoder also coupled by a user equipment (UE) RF interface to user equipment, such as a computing device or cellphone. The transcoder converts, at the packet level, satellite-originating signals to UE-compliant signals, and converts UE-originating signal to satellite-compliant signals. The transcoder performs various additional conversion-related functions to facilitate such satellite service, including via frequency conversion, doppler manipulation, a repeater, frequency equalization/negative-slope compensation and RIS-related conversion in both the receive mode and transmit mode of the RIS. Various example form factors for implementing and deploying the transcoder and metasurface can be used.

The technology described herein is directed towards a transcoder with bypass capabilities that can be used to couple non-terrestrial network satellites to user equipment (UEs), including by decoding and reencoding data packets at the packet level for existing Satcom satellites. A metasurface redirects signals from the satellite to a satellite radio frequency (RF) interface of the transcoder, with the transcoder also coupled by a UE RF interface to a UE, such as a computing device or cellphone. Dynamically slicing (subdividing) a metasurface associated with a transcoder node facilitates using part of the metasurface for UE or satellite communications, and another part to facilitate a mesh network among transcoder nodes, which helps with data privacy. The slicing can be adaptively performed based on learning and artificial intelligence models implemented into the transcoder nodes as edge computing devices. The transcoder can convert Satcom signals to and from new radio signals.

A system includes a receiver, processor, repeater, and second processor. The receiver receives a set of N uniquely coded signals transmitted by a spatially distributed architecture (SDA) of transmit antenna arrays, the SDA having at least N members separate from each other, the N members transmitting uniquely coded signals respectively, where relative phases among the N uniquely coded signals are known, a position and orientation of the antenna arrays of the SDA identifying a localized coordinate system. The processor determines the interferometric phase differences of the N received signals. The repeater transmits the N received signals received at the receiver. At least one of the transmit antenna arrays or an antenna proximal to the SDA transmits a combination signal including the set of N uniquely coded signals and receives the combination signal from the repeater. The second processor determines an angle of incidence of the combination signal from the repeater.