A single line converter module comprises a housing; an environmentally hardened fiber optic connector located in the housing and configured to be optically coupled to a service terminal for receiving downstream optical frames; a single electrical connector located in the housing and coupled over a metallic medium to a network terminal providing a service to respective customer premise equipment (CPE); and an optical-to-electrical (O/E) converter located in the housing and configured to convert the downstream optical frames to an electrical signal for transmission over the metallic medium to the network terminal.

An optocoupler having a transmitter module and a receiver module that are galvanically isolated from each other and optically coupled with one another and are integrated in a common housing. The receiver module has a voltage source that has a number N of partial voltage sources mutually connected in series and constructed as semiconductor diodes. Each of the partial voltage sources has a semiconductor diode having a p-n junction, and the partial source voltages of the individual partial voltage sources each deviate by less than 20% from one another. Between each two successive partial voltage sources, a tunnel diode is formed and the partial voltage sources and the tunnel diodes are monolithically integrated together and jointly form a first stack having a top surface and a bottom surface, and the number N of the partial voltage sources is greater than or equal to three.

An optical coupling system includes an optical signal source to provide an optical signal from an aperture. The system also includes a substantially planar high-contrast grating (HCG) lens to convert an optical mode of the optical signal to provide a converted optical signal having a mode-isolating intensity profile. The system further includes an optical element to receive the converted optical signal. The optical signal source and the substantially planar HCG lens can be arranged to substantially mitigate coupling of a reflected optical signal associated with the converted optical signal that is reflected from the optical element to the aperture of the optical signal source based on a reflected mode-isolating intensity profile.

A digital signal input circuit including an isolating circuit and a voltage determining circuit is presented, where a first port of an input end of the isolating circuit receives a digital signal, an output end of the isolating circuit outputs the digital signal, and when the isolating circuit is open, the isolating circuit is configured to output a first level, or when the isolating circuit is closed, the isolating circuit is configured to output a second level; and the voltage determining circuit is configured to determine, according to a level of the digital signal, whether the isolating circuit is open or closed. According to the digital signal input circuit, the voltage determining circuit determines a level of a digital signal, thereby correctness of digital signal level conversion is increased.

The invention describes an isolated driver (2) comprising a converter module (21) realized to provide voltage and current output to a load (3); a feedback arrangement (22) realized to monitor voltage and/or current during operation of the driver (2); and a converter controller (1) for providing converter control signals (CI, CF, VCON) to the converter module (21), and wherein the converter controller (1) comprises a single optocoupler (10) connected by input terminals to the feedback arrangement (22); and a switching circuit arrangement (11) connected to output terminals of the optocoupler (10), comprising a number of semiconductor switches (Q.sub.20, Q.sub.23, Q.sub.30, . . . , Q.sub.34) arranged to generate a converter control signal (CI, CF, VCON) for placing the converter module (21) of the driver (2) into a low-output mode (M.sub.LO) when a voltage across the optocoupler output terminals indicates a fault condition. The invention further describes an LED lighting arrangement (5) comprising such an isolated driver (2) for driving an LED lighting load (3) from a mains power supply (4). The invention also describes a converter controller (1) for an isolated driver (2), and a method of operating an isolated driver (2).

A digital signal input circuit including an isolating circuit and a voltage determining circuit is presented, where a first port of an input end of the isolating circuit receives a digital signal, an output end of the isolating circuit outputs the digital signal, and when the isolating circuit is open, the isolating circuit is configured to output a first level, or when the isolating circuit is closed, the isolating circuit is configured to output a second level; and the voltage determining circuit is configured to determine, according to a level of the digital signal, whether the isolating circuit is open or closed. According to the digital signal input circuit, the voltage determining circuit determines a level of a digital signal, thereby correctness of digital signal level conversion is increased.

Techniques to access memory in a systolic pattern. For example, a processor sub-system is connected between a first memory sub-system and a second memory sub-system. In response to a first clock signal, a communication direction of a first connection between the processor sub-system and the first memory sub-system is configured to receive first data in the processor sub-system from the first memory sub-system; and a communication direction of a second connection between the processor sub-system and the second memory sub-system is configured to transmit second data from the processor sub-system to the second memory sub-system. In response to a second clock signal, the communication direction of the first connection and the communication direction of the second connection are reversed.

A method of performing an authentication process to authenticate an electric motor unit includes establishing, by an external controller, secure encrypted communication with motor electronics of the electric motor unit, and sending, by the external controller, an authentication request to the motor electronics over the secure encrypted communication. The method further includes receiving, by the external controller, an authentication response from the motor electronics, verifying, by the external controller, a motor of the electronic motor unit as an authorized part based on the authentication response, and enabling control of the motor by the external controller only after successful authentication.

An apparatus for communicating using an isolation channel includes a transmitter circuit having a first terminal configured to communicate a first signal. The first signal oscillates in response to a data signal having a first signal level and is constant in response to the data signal having a second signal level. The transmitter circuit includes a second terminal configured to communicate that oscillates in response to the data signal having the second signal level and is constant in response to the data signal having the first signal level. The apparatus may include a receiver circuit configured to generate a recovered data signal having a first transition in a first direction between first and second levels based on an edge of a first received signal and having a second transition in a second direction between the first and second levels based on an edge of a second received signal.

A single line converter module comprises a housing; an environmentally hardened fiber optic connector located in the housing and configured to be optically coupled to a service terminal for receiving downstream optical frames; a single electrical connector located in the housing and coupled over a metallic medium to a network terminal providing a service to respective customer premise equipment (CPE); and an optical-to-electrical (O/E) converter located in the housing and configured to convert the downstream optical frames to an electrical signal for transmission over the metallic medium to the network terminal.