A signal transmission system for transmitting a main process variable and further data between a field device and a superordinate unit, includes a first conversion arrangement, a second conversion arrangement and an optocoupler arrangement. The optocoupler arrangement is connected between the first conversion arrangement and the second conversion arrangement. The first conversion arrangement is configured to convert at least the further data exchanged between the field device and the superordinate unit into a data signal transmittable via the optocoupler arrangement. The optocoupler arrangement transmits the data signal between the first conversion arrangement and the second conversion arrangement. The second conversion arrangement converts the data signal to the further data and transmits it to the field device. A method transmits a main process variable and further data between a field device and a superordinate unit. In the method, at least the further data is transmitted via an optocoupler arrangement.

Arrays of optical emitters, modulators, receivers and/or optoelectronic devices used in communication are printed with redundant elements to provide multiple solutions to select from at screening time to improve overall yield. Multiple optoelectronic devices are printed on common chiplets, tightly packed, or printed in sub-arrays.

A quasi-optical coupling system launches and extracts surface wave communication transmissions from a wire. At millimeter-wave frequencies, where the wavelength is small compared to the macroscopic size of the equipment, the millimeter-wave transmissions can be transported from one place to another and diverted via lenses and reflectors, much like visible light. Transmitters and receivers can be positioned near telephone and power lines and reflectors placed on or near the cables can reflect transmissions onto or off of the cables. The lenses on the transmitters are focused, and the reflectors positioned such that the reflected transmissions are guided waves on the surface of the cables. The reflectors can be polarization sensitive, where one or more of a set of guided wave modes can be reflected off the wire based on the polarization of the guided wave modes and polarization and orientation of the reflector.

A single line converter module comprises a housing; an environmentally hardened fiber optic connector located in the housing and configured to be optically coupled to a service terminal for receiving downstream optical frames; a single electrical connector located in the housing and coupled over a metallic medium to a network terminal providing a service to respective customer premise equipment (CPE); and an optical-to-electrical (O/E) converter located in the housing and configured to convert the downstream optical frames to an electrical signal for transmission over the metallic medium to the network terminal.

A first die is communicatively coupled to a first isolation communication channel and a second isolation communication channel and configured to send a first heartbeat signal over the first isolation communication channel. A second die is coupled to receive the first heartbeat signal from the first die over the first isolation communication channel and to supply a second heartbeat signal to the second isolation communication channel. The first die enters a first die low power mode responsive to detecting an absence of the second heartbeat signal and the second die enters a second die low power mode responsive to detecting an absence of the first heartbeat signal. The first and second die use low power oscillators in the low power mode to supply the heartbeat signals.

An example of an isolation sensor package is disclosed to include a first Integrated Circuit (IC) chip and a second IC chip. The first IC chip may include an input interface circuit that receives an input signal from a first input signal terminal and a second input signal terminal, where the input signal ranges between a first positive voltage and a first negative voltage. The first IC chip may further include a negative voltage generator that generates a second negative voltage, a level shifter that receives an output of the input interface circuit and generates a modified signal having a voltage level between a ground voltage provided to the ground terminal and a second positive voltage that is present at a voltage supply terminal. The first IC chip may further produce a signal based on the modified signal generated by the level shifter.

According to various embodiments, an intelligent electronic device IED, such as a protective relay, includes a universal binary input circuit for receiving an AC or DC binary input with a voltage magnitude between approximately 0 Volts and 300 Volts. The universal binary input provides reinforced isolation via an input protection subcircuit and an optocoupler for communicating an optical signal with an electrically isolated controller based on the received binary input signal. In one embodiment, a duty cycle modulation subcircuit generates a pulse width modulated drive signal to drive the optocoupler based on the voltage magnitude of the received binary input. The duty cycle of the pulse width modulated drive signal is (linearly or nonlinearly) inversely proportional to the voltage magnitude of the received binary input.

An optocoupler device for receiving a load voltage larger than or equal to 5 KV includes a carrier, a supporting frame connected to the carrier, a light emitter and a light receiver spacedly mounted on the carrier, an electrical isolator at least partially disposed on the supporting frame, a translucent encapsulate, and an opaque encapsulate. The electrical isolator is translucent and has a dielectric strength larger than or equal to 50 KV/mm. A shortest light transmitting path between the light emitter and the light receiver passes through the electrical isolator. The supporting frame, the light emitter, the light receiver, and at least part of the electrical isolator are embedded in the translucent encapsulate, and the translucent encapsulate is embedded in the opaque encapsulate.

Methods and systems for selectable parallel optical fiber and WDM operation may include an optoelectronic transceiver integrated in a silicon photonics die. The optoelectronic transceiver may, in a first communication mode, communicate continuous wave (CW) optical signals from an optical source module to a first subset of optical couplers on the die for processing signals in optical modulators in accordance with a first communications protocol, and in a second communication mode, communicate the CW optical signals to a second subset of optical couplers for processing signals in the optical modulators in accordance with a second communications protocol. Processed signals may be transmitted out of the die utilizing a third subset of the optical couplers. First or second protocol optical signals may be received from the fiber interface coupled to a fourth subset or a fifth subset, respectively, of the optical couplers.

An input protection circuit (110) for an optocoupler (20) is provided. The input protection circuit (110) includes a first voltage limiter (D1) with a first terminal that is electrically coupled to an input terminal of an amplifier circuit (120), wherein the input terminal of the amplifier circuit (120) is configured to receive a PWM signal and the amplifier circuit (120) is configured to provide a voltage to the optocoupler (20).