Presented is a generator of binary code shift key (CSK) codes pre-saved to memory usable for time synchronous CSK code retrievals with extraction capability for 1 of 16 orthogonal CSK symbol codes under control of a supported communications system. The CSK code generator pre-defines a 1332 root prime number sequence containing 6 unique prime numbers including 221-7s, 222-11s, 221-13s, 223-17s, 222-19s, and 223-23s that receive multiple index shuffles of 1332 indexes. Pairs of 1332 shuffled indexes of prime sequences are then merged and formatted into 100 tier0 100 hex character format codes. Two levels of XORs of hex character format code pairs generate CSK codes that are collected into 10000 code files that are saved to memory. Time-synchronous CSK code retrieval is followed by 1 of 16 CSK orthogonal symbol codes extraction based on new half-byte data values under flow control of the supported communications system.

A method and a device are described for generating a signal representing data. The method for generating a signal has a step of modulating a portion (1P, 2P) of the data using phase shift keying and spreading the modulated portion over the at least one frequency base band using at least one highly auto-correlated spread code sequence (1C, 2C) associated with the frequency base band. The method for further has a step of delaying, according to a delay determined using a remainder (1R, 2R) of the data (ID), the at least one spread code sequence (1C, 2C) by a time delay wherein the modulated portion (1MP, 2MP) is spread according the delayed spread code sequence (1DC, 2DC).

Aspects of the embodiments are directed to systems, methods, and computer program products that facilitate a downstream port to operate in Separate Reference Clocks with Independent Spread Spectrum Clocking (SSC) (SRIS) mode. The system can determine that the downstream port supports one or more SRIS selection mechanisms; determine a system clock configuration from the downstream port to a corresponding upstream port connected to the downstream port by the PCIe-compliant link; set an SRIS mode in the downstream port; and transmit data across the link from the downstream port using the determined system clock configuration.

A clock and data recovery module includes a clock and data recovery loop and a spread spectrum clock tracking circuit. The clock and data recovery loop includes a clock and data recovery unit and a first phase interpolator. The first phase interpolator is coupled to the clock and data recovery unit and configured to generate a data clock signal and an edge clock signal according to a phase signal and a reference clock signal. The clock and data recovery unit is configured to generate the phase signal according to a data signal, the data clock signal and the edge clock signal. The spread spectrum clock tracking circuit is configured to generate the reference clock signal according to the data signal, and to transmit the reference clock signal to the first phase interpolator. The spread spectrum clock tracking circuit is decoupled to the clock and data recovery loop.

Disclosed are methods and apparatus used in wireless communications. The methods and apparatus establish a codebook for use in sparse code multiple access (SCMA) encoded communications, in particular. The SCMA codebook is configured to set the codebook for at least one layer (i.e., a user) to include a constellation of points having a first grouping of constellation points located at first radial distance from an origin in a complex plane and a second grouping of constellation points located at a second radial distance from the origin. This codebook arrangement provides increased gains at receivers by optimizing the constellation shape to improve the distance between constellation points (i.e., SCMA codebook performance), and in particular more robust performance when encountering amplitude and phase misalignment in uplink (UL) multiple access.

Systems and methods are described for determining position of a receiver. The positioning system comprises a transmitter network including transmitters that broadcast positioning signals. The positioning system comprises a remote receiver that acquires and tracks the positioning signals and/or satellite signals. The satellite signals are signals of a satellite-based positioning system. A first mode of the remote receiver uses terminal-based positioning in which the remote receiver computes a position using the positioning signals and/or the satellite signals. The positioning system comprises a server coupled to the remote receiver. A second operating mode of the remote receiver comprises network-based positioning in which the server computes a position of the remote receiver from the positioning signals and/or satellite signals, where the remote receiver receives and transfers to the server the positioning signals and/or satellite signals.

A method of performing a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) on one or more data samples in a global navigation satellite system baseband tracking channel is provided. The method comprises loading a pseudorandom noise code generator with a constant value in the baseband tracking channel; setting a tracking loop integration time according to a selected frequency resolution; updating a carrier generator with a selected DFT frequency in the baseband tracking channel; integrating a data sample in the baseband tracking channel; and storing the integrated data sample in a DFT bin. The method determines whether all DFT bins have been received, and if all DFT bins have not been received, the method repeats starting with updating the carrier generator, until all DFT bins have been received.

A method between a geolocation receiver and an identified transmitting satellite, the receiver being able to receive a composite radio signal including a plurality of navigation signals each transmitted by a transmitting satellite that is part of a satellite constellation, a method for validating the synchronization between a geolocation receiver and a transmitting satellite during a phase for acquiring an augmentation signal including geolocation correction and integrity data; the methods include, for each identified transmitting satellite, extracting received ephemerid words or received words of any type of the received signal associated with the identified satellite as it is received, and comparing at least one received word with at least one word of the same rank or stored for the identified satellite and/or for at least one other satellite; the validation or non-validation of the synchronization with the identified transmitting satellite depends on a predetermined false alarm probability and/or non-detection probability.

The present invention relates to a location measuring method performed among an access point and a plurality of UWB tags and a location measuring system therefor. When a location is measured according to a relation between the access point and the UWB tag, collisions and interference occurring between signals in a wireless space may be avoided so that an efficient RTLS is implemented.

Systems and methods are described for determining position of a receiver. The positioning system comprises a transmitter network including transmitters that broadcast positioning signals. The positioning system comprises a remote receiver that acquires and tracks the positioning signals and/or satellite signals. The satellite signals are signals of a satellite-based positioning system. A first mode of the remote receiver uses terminal-based positioning in which the remote receiver computes a position using the positioning signals and/or the satellite signals. The positioning system comprises a server coupled to the remote receiver. A second operating mode of the remote receiver comprises network-based positioning in which the server computes a position of the remote receiver from the positioning signals and/or satellite signals, where the remote receiver receives and transfers to the server the positioning signals and/or satellite signals.