Systems and methods for alternative payment mechanism payments using ultra-wideband radio technology are disclosed. A method may include a payment terminal computer program executed by a payment terminal selecting a customer electronic device that is conducting the payment transaction with the payment terminal; communicating, via a payment terminal UWB radio to the selected customer electronic device, payment transaction details for the payment transaction comprising a merchant identifier and a transaction amount; receiving, from the selected customer electronic device via the payment terminal UWB radio, an APM payment message for an APM payment provider; communicating the APM payment message to the APM payment provider, wherein the APM payment provider is configured to decision the transaction based on the APM payment message; and receiving, from the APM payment provider, a payment confirmation for the payment transaction.

An Ultra Wide Band (UWB) ranging method, a UWB ranging device, and a non-transitory storage medium thereof are provided. The UWB ranging method includes: filtering, in response to determining a first time of flight for UWB ranging, the first time of flight based on a low-pass filter to obtain a filtered first time of flight; and performing the UWB ranging based on the filtered first time of flight.

The present invention relates to an ultra-wide band (UWB) ranging device and a UWB ranging method using the same. The UWB ranging device includes a memory in which a program for UWB ranging is stored, and a processor configured to execute the program, wherein the UWB ranging device performs the UWB ranging by transmitting an integrated packet that includes a Scrambled Timestamp Sequence (STS) and a payload.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ultra-wideband (UWB) system comprising: a memory in which a UWB ranging factor definition program is embedded; and a processor which executes the program, wherein the processor predefines UWB ranging factors to define a nonce in consideration of a unique key characteristic of an individual device.

A method is provided for estimating a signal’s angle of arrival (AOA) in a communications system. Starting values for each of a horizontal AOA and a vertical AOA are estimated. The estimated vertical AOA starting value is used to select a horizontal PDOA trace of horizontal PDOA calibration data. The selected horizontal PDOA trace is interpolated to determine a best horizontal AOA estimate for a current iteration. The estimated horizontal AOA starting value is used to select a vertical PDOA trace of vertical PDOA calibration data. The selected vertical PDOA trace is interpolated to determine a best vertical AOA estimate for the current iteration. After each iteration, determining if a maximum number of iterations has been reached or if the best horizontal or vertical AOA estimate has not changed by a predetermined amount. When one of these is true, the best horizontal and vertical AOA estimates are used.

There is provided a system configured to perform location-aware augmented reality tasks utilizing software and/or hardware components. For example, and not by limitation, a general embodiment may include an AR system. The system may include an ultra-wide band (UWB) communication system configured to estimate location information. The UWB system can include a memory and a processor which when executing instructions from the memory is configured to perform operations consistent with location-aware AR applications. For instance, the operations may include receiving a first UWB signal, the first UWB signal including information comprising fiducial data associated with a device transmitting the first UWB signal.

Provided is a secure ranging method capable of blocking access of a malicious user by preventing an attack by the malicious user when ranging is performed using an ultra-wideband (UWB). Also, provided is a method of increasing accuracy of ranging. A method of operating an electronic device for performing ranging by using a UWB in a wireless communication system includes: transmitting and receiving at least one frame for ranging, to and from at least one other electronic device; obtaining a first ranging value and a second ranging value, based on the at least one frame; and performing integrity checking, based on a result of comparing the first ranging value with the second ranging value.

The present invention is proposed to solve the above problems and is directed to providing a UWB system comprising: a memory in which a UWB ranging factor definition program is embedded; and a processor which executes the program, wherein the processor predefines UWB ranging factors to define an encryption key in consideration of a unique m-byte key characteristic for each set of a vehicle and a device.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a ultra-wideband (UWB) system comprising: a memory in which a UWB ranging factor definition program is embedded; and a processor which executes the program, wherein the processor predefines UWB ranging factors to define a scrambled timestamp sequence (STS) index in consideration of a characteristic of an n-byte random value that is changed every ranging.

The ultra-wideband (UWB) system includes an input unit configured to receive information on a separation distance between a tag and a vehicle, a memory in which a ranging program corresponding to the separation distance is embedded and a processor which executes the program, wherein the program determines a ranging scheme and an anchor to perform ranging according to the separation distance.